鑽石舞台

The 2022 Nobel Prize in Literature is awarded to the French author Annie Ernaux 「for the courage and clinical acuity with which she uncovers the roots, estrangements and collective restraints of personal memory.」

French writer Annie Ernaux awarded Nobel Prize in literature

From: AP NEWS

French author Annie Ernaux was awarded this year’s Nobel Prize in literature for 「the courage and clinical acuity with which she uncovers the roots, estrangements and collective restraints of personal memory,」 the Swedish Academy said Thursday.

Ernaux, 82, started out writing autobiographical novels, but quickly abandoned fiction in favor of memoirs.

Her more than 20 books, most of them very short, chronicle events in her life and the lives of those around her. They present uncompromising portraits of sexual encounters, abortion, illness and the deaths of her parents.

Anders Olsson, chairman, Nobel Committee for literature, said Ernaux’s work was often 「uncompromising and written in plain language, scraped clean.」

「She has achieved something admirable and enduring,」 he told reporters after the announcement in Stockholm, Sweden.

Ernaux describes her style as 「flat writing」 (ecriture plate), a very objective view of the events she is describing, unshaped by florid description or overwhelming emotions.

In the book that made her name, 「La Place」 (A Man’s Place), about her relationship with her father, she writes: 「No lyrical reminiscences, no triumphant displays of irony. This neutral writing style comes to me naturally.」

Her most critically acclaimed book was 「The Years」 (Les annees), published in 2008 and describing herself and wider French society from the end of World War II to the present day. Unlike in previous books, in 「The Years,」 Ernaux writes about herself in the third person, calling her character 「she」 rather than 「I」. The book received numerous awards and honors.

Last year’s prize went to the Tanzanian-born, U.K.-based writer Abdulrazak Gurnah, whose novels explore the impact of migration on individuals and societies.

Gurnah was only the sixth Nobel literature laureate born in Africa, and the prize has long faced criticism that it is too focused on European and North American writers. It is also male-dominated, with just 16 women among its 118 laureates.

The prizes to Gurnah in 2021 and U.S. poet Louise Glück in 2020 helped the literature prize move on from years of controversy and scandal.

In 2018, the award was postponed after sex abuse allegations rocked the Swedish Academy and sparked an exodus of members. The academy revamped itself but faced more criticism for giving the 2019 literature award to Austria’s Peter Handke, who has been called an apologist for Serbian war crimes.

A week of Nobel Prize announcements kicked off Monday with Swedish scientist Svante Paabo receiving the award in medicine for unlocking secrets of Neanderthal DNA that provided key insights into our immune system.

Three scientists jointly won the prize in physics Tuesday. Frenchman Alain Aspect, American John F. Clauser and Austrian Anton Zeilinger had shown that tiny particles can retain a connection with each other even when separated, a phenomenon known as quantum entanglement, that can be used for specialized computing and to encrypt information.

The Nobel Prize in chemistry was awarded Wednesday to Americans Carolyn R. Bertozzi and K. Barry Sharpless, and Danish scientist Morten Meldal for developing a way of 「snapping molecules together」 that can be used to explore cells, map DNA and design drugs that can target diseases such as cancer more precisely.

The 2022 Nobel Peace Prize will be announced on Friday and the economics award on Monday.

The prizes carry a cash award of 10 million Swedish kronor (nearly $900,000) and will be handed out on Dec. 10. The money comes from a bequest left by the prize’s creator, Swedish inventor Alfred Nobel, in 1895.

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註：中文文本為機器翻譯僅供參考，並非一一對應

含注釋全文：

French writer Annie Ernaux awarded Nobel Prize in literature

From: AP NEWS

French author Annie Ernaux was awarded this year’s Nobel Prize in literature for 「the courage and clinical acuity with which she uncovers the roots, estrangements and collective restraints of personal memory,」 the Swedish Academy said Thursday.

周四，瑞典學院（Swedish Academy）官方宣布，法國作家安妮·埃爾諾（Annie Ernaux）因「她的勇氣和敏銳性揭示了個人記憶的根源、隔閡和集體約束」而獲得今年的諾貝爾文學獎。

clinical /ˈklɪn.ɪ.kəl/ 1）表示「門診的，臨床的」，英文解釋為「used to refer to medical work or teaching that relates to the examination and treatment of ill people」如：clinical tests/training 臨床試驗/實習。

熟詞僻義，表示「冷漠的；無動於衷的；無感情的」，英文解釋為「expressing no emotion or feelings」舉個🌰：

She seems to have a very clinical attitude towards her children.

她好像對子女們態度很冷漠。

3）表示「無特色的；冷冰冰的；樸素的」，英文解釋為「showing no character and warmth」舉個🌰：

We were going to paint our kitchen white, but we decided that would look too clinical.

我們打算把廚房漆成白色，可是又覺得那樣會看起來太冷冰冰了。

acuity /əˈkjuː.ə.ti/ 表示「（聽力、視力、思維等的）靈敏度；敏銳」，英文解釋為「the ability to hear, see, or think accurately and clearly」舉個🌰：

Tiredness also affects visual acuity.

疲勞也會影響視敏度。

表示「分居（期）；失和；疏遠（期），分手（的一段時間）」，英文解釋為「a period when you are estranged from someone, or the fact of being estranged」

restraint /rɪˈstreɪnt/ 1）表示「克制；平心靜氣；冷靜」，英文解釋為「calm and controlled behaviour」舉個🌰：

He showed admirable restraint, and refused to be provoked.

他表現出極大的克制，面對挑釁泰然處之。

2）表示「阻止；抑制，遏制」，英文解釋為「something that limits the freedom of someone or something, or that prevents something from growing or increasing」如：spending restraints 開支限制。

Ernaux, 82, started out writing autobiographical novels, but quickly abandoned fiction in favor of memoirs.

82歲的埃爾諾起初寫的是自傳體小說，但很快放棄了小說，轉而寫回憶錄。

autobiographical /ˌɔː.təˌbaɪ.əˈɡræf.ɪ.kəl/ 表示「自傳的；自傳體的」，英文解釋為「based on or involving the writer's own life」如：an autobiographical story/novel/poem 自傳故事/小說/詩歌。

memoir /ˈmɛmwɑː/ 表示「（尤指名人的）回憶錄；自傳」，英文解釋為「an account written by sb, especially sb famous, about their life and experiences」。

Her more than 20 books, most of them very short, chronicle events in her life and the lives of those around her. They present uncompromising portraits of sexual encounters, abortion, illness and the deaths of her parents.

她的20多本書，大部分都很短，記錄了她生活中的事件和她周圍人的生活。書中毫不避諱地描繪了性接觸、墮胎、疾病和父母的離世。

chronicle /ˈkrɒnɪkəl/ 1）作名詞，表示「編年史；年代記；大事記」，英文解釋為「a written record of historical events」。

2）作動詞，表示「記述，記錄（大事）；把…載入編年史；按發生時間順序編寫或播放」，英文解釋為「Tochroniclea series of events means to write about them or show them in broadcasts in the order in which they happened.」舉個🌰：

The series chronicles the everyday adventures of a girl.

這部叢書按時間順序記載了一位女生每天的奇遇。

表示「（通常指通過手術進行的）墮胎，人工流產」，英文解釋為「If a woman has anabortion, she ends her pregnancy deliberately so that the baby is not born alive.」舉個🌰：

He and his girlfriend had been going out together for a year when she had an abortion.

他的女友流產時，他和她已經交往了一年時間。

Anders Olsson, chairman, Nobel Committee for literature, said Ernaux’s work was often 「uncompromising and written in plain language, scraped clean.」

諾貝爾文學獎委員會主席安德斯·奧爾森（Anders Olsson）說，埃爾諾的作品通常是「毫不妥協，平鋪直敘，準確簡練。」

「She has achieved something admirable and enduring,」 he told reporters after the announcement in Stockholm, Sweden.

「她取得了令人欽佩和持久的成就，」他在瑞典斯德哥爾摩公布獲獎者後告訴記者。

Ernaux describes her style as 「flat writing」 (ecriture plate), a very objective view of the events she is describing, unshaped by florid description or overwhelming emotions.

埃爾諾將她的風格描述為「平淡寫作」（ecriture plate），一種對她所描述的事件的非常客觀的看法，不受華麗詞藻或強烈情感的影響。

表示「客觀的；就事論事的；不帶個人感情的」，英文解釋為「not influenced by personal feelings or opinions; considering only facts」如：an objective analysis / assessment 客觀的分析/評價。

florid /ˈflɒr.ɪd/ 表示「過分裝飾的；花哨的」，英文解釋為「with too much decoration or detail」如：a florid architectural style 華麗的建築風格。

In the book that made her name, 「La Place」 (A Man’s Place), about her relationship with her father, she writes: 「No lyrical reminiscences, no triumphant displays of irony. This neutral writing style comes to me naturally.」

在她成名作《La Place》關於她和父親的關係一書中，她寫道：「沒有抒情的回憶，沒有揚揚得意的諷刺表現。這種中性的寫作風格自然而然地出現在我面前。」

lyrical /ˈlɪr.ɪ.kəl/ 表示「抒情的」，英文解釋為「expressing personal thoughts and feelings in a beautiful way」舉個🌰：

The book contains lyrical descriptions of the author's childhood.

這本書里有對作者童年的抒情性描寫。

reminiscence /ˌrem.ɪˈnɪs.əns/ 表示「追憶往事；追憶；懷舊」，英文解釋為「the act of remembering events and experiences from the past」。

reminiscences 複數，特指「回憶錄；想起的往事」，英文解釋為「Your reminiscences are the experiences you remember from the past, often written in a book」舉個🌰：

The novel contains endless reminiscences of/about the author's youth.

作者在這部小說中沒完沒了地敘述了對自己年輕時光的回憶。

triumphant /traɪˈʌmfənt/ 表示「取得巨大成功的；歡欣鼓舞的；洋洋得意的」，英文解釋為「having achieved a great victory (= winning a war or competition) or success, or feeling very happy and proud because of such an achievement」舉個🌰：

It seemed as though the whole city had turned out for their team's triumphant homecoming.

幾乎全城的人都出來歡迎自己的隊伍凱旋歸來。

irony /ˈaɪ.rə.ni/ 表示「反語；諷刺；具有諷刺意味的情況；出乎意料的情況；令人啼笑皆非的事情」，英文解釋為「a situation in which something which was intended to have a particular result has the opposite or a very different result」

neutral /ˈnuː.trəl/ 作形容詞，表示「中立的，不偏不倚的」，英文解釋為「not saying or doing anything that would encourage or help any of the groups involved in an argument or war」舉個🌰：

It's important that I remain neutral.

我保持中立是很重要的。

作名詞，表示「中立者」，英文解釋為「a neutral person or thing」舉個🌰：

Sweden and Switzerland were neutrals during the war.

在戰爭期間，瑞典和瑞士是中立國。

Her most critically acclaimed book was 「The Years」 (Les annees), published in 2008 and describing herself and wider French society from the end of World War II to the present day. Unlike in previous books, in 「The Years,」 Ernaux writes about herself in the third person, calling her character 「she」 rather than 「I」. The book received numerous awards and honors.

她最受好評的書是2008年出版的《悠悠歲月》（Les années），書中描繪了她自己以及從二戰結束到現在的整個法國社會。與以前的書不同，在《悠悠歲月》一書中，埃爾諾用第三人稱描繪者自己，稱自己的角色為「她」，而不是「我」。這本書獲得了無數獎項和榮譽。

表示「備受推崇的，廣受歡迎的」，英文解釋為「publicly praised by a lot of people」舉個🌰：

His work was critically acclaimed（=praised by people who are paid to give their opinion on art, music etc）.

他的作品備受評論家推崇。

表示「（動詞或代詞的）第三人稱」，英文解釋為「the form of a verb or pronoun that is used about another person you are speaking about or writing about」

Last year’s prize went to the Tanzanian-born, U.K.-based writer Abdulrazak Gurnah, whose novels explore the impact of migration on individuals and societies.

去年的獎項頒給了坦桑尼亞（Tanzanian）出生的英國作家阿卜杜勒拉扎克·古爾納（Abdulrazak Gurnah），他的小說探索了移民對個人和社會的影響。

Gurnah was only the sixth Nobel literature laureate born in Africa, and the prize has long faced criticism that it is too focused on European and North American writers. It is also male-dominated, with just 16 women among its 118 laureates.

古爾納是第六位出生在非洲的諾貝爾文學獎得主。長期以來，諾貝爾文學獎一直受到批評，認為它過於關注歐洲和北美作家。該獎項也是男性獲獎為主，118名獲獎者中只有16名女性。

The prizes to Gurnah in 2021 and U.S. poet Louise Glück in 2020 helped the literature prize move on from years of controversy and scandal.

2021年古爾納獲獎和2020年美國詩人路易絲·格呂克（Louise Glück）獲獎有助於該獎項擺脫多年的爭議和醜聞。

表示「爭議；爭論；爭辯」，英文解釋為「a lot of disagreement or argument about something, usually because it affects or is important to many people」舉個🌰：

There was a big controversy surrounding/over the use of drugs in athletics.

體育界對使用違禁藥物爭議很大。

In 2018, the award was postponed after sex abuse allegations rocked the Swedish Academy and sparked an exodus of members. The academy revamped itself but faced more criticism for giving the 2019 literature award to Austria’s Peter Handke, who has been called an apologist for Serbian war crimes.

2018年，諾貝爾文學獎被推遲，原因是性侵指控讓整個瑞典學院感到震驚，並引發了成員的大批流失。該學院進行了自我整頓，但因將2019年文學獎授予奧地利的彼得·漢德克（Peter Handke）而面臨更多批評，後者被稱為塞爾維亞戰爭罪行的辯護人。

表示「推遲，延緩，使延期」，英文解釋為「If youpostponean event, you delay it or arrange for it to take place at a later time than was originally planned.」舉個🌰：

He decided to postpone the expedition until the following day.

他決定將探險活動推遲到第二天。

📍路透社（Reuters）在報道上海高考延期、杭州亞運會延期時標題就都用的是Postpone.

作動詞，表示「驚嚇；使震驚；使害怕；使劇烈震動；使猛烈搖動」，英文解釋為「to shock sb/sth very much or make them afraid」舉個🌰：

The news rocked the world.

這則消息震驚了全世界。

表示「引發」，英文解釋為「If one thing sparks another, the first thing cause the second thing to start happening.」舉個🌰：

My teacher organized a unit on computer science that really sparked my interest.

我的老師編排了一個關於計算機科學的單元，它真正激發了我的興趣。

此前，《後浪》和「青年」一文的標題中就用到：Bilibili's May 4th Youth Day video sparks discussion on social media 引發熱議。

類似的還有：

📍stir表示「激發，激起（強烈的感情）；引起（強烈的反應）」，英文解釋為「to make someone have a strong feeling or reaction」，舉個🌰：

The poem succeeds in stirring the imagination.

這首詩能夠激發起想象力。

📍provoke也表示「激起，引起」，英文解釋為「to cause a reaction or feeling, especially a sudden one」，如：provoke debate/discussion 激起辯論/討論。

📍spur 鼓動；激勵；鞭策；刺激；鼓舞」，英文解釋為「If one thing spurs you to do another, it encourages you to do it.」舉個🌰：

It's the money that spurs these fishermen to risk a long ocean journey in their flimsy boats.

是金錢驅使這些漁民駕駛單薄的小船冒險出海遠航。

🎬電影《龍之心3：巫師的詛咒》（Dragonheart 3: The Sorcerer's Curse）中的台詞提到：To spur the clans to war. 激勵部族發起戰爭。

exodus /ˈek.sə.dəs/ 1）表示「（大批人的）退出，離開」，英文解釋為「the movement of a lot of people from a place」舉個🌰：

There has been a mass exodus of workers from the villages to the towns.

一直有大量工人源源不斷從農村湧入城市。

2）Exodus大寫時表示「《出埃及記》（基督教《聖經‧舊約》第二卷，記載摩西率領以色列人離開埃及之事）」，英文解釋為「the second book of the Bible telling of Moses and the journey of the Israelites out of Egypt」

表示「改變；修改；（通常指）改進外觀，翻新」，英文解釋為「to make changes to the form of sth, usually to improve its appearance」舉個🌰：

We revamped the management system, but the business is doing no better than it was before.

我們對管理制度作了徹底改進，但是經營業績並不比從前好。

🎬電影《鬼寓143》（Apartment 143）中的台詞提到：We revamped the entire electrical system. 我們改造了整個電氣系統。

apologist /əˈpɒl.ə.dʒɪst/ 表示「（尤指不受歡迎的信仰或制度的）辯護者，辯解者」，英文解釋為「a person who supports a particular belief or political system, especially an unpopular one, and speaks or writes in defence of it」。

A week of Nobel Prize announcements kicked off Monday with Swedish scientist Svante Paabo receiving the award in medicine for unlocking secrets of Neanderthal DNA that provided key insights into our immune system.

周一，為期一周的諾貝爾獎宣布拉開帷幕，瑞典科學家斯萬特·帕博（Svante Paabo）因解開尼安德特人（Neanderthal）基因的秘密而獲得醫學獎，尼安德特人基因為我們的免疫系統帶來了重要啟發。

表示「開始（事件、比賽等）」，英文解釋為「If an event, game, series, or discussionkicks off, oris kicked off, it begins.」舉個🌰：

The shows kick off on October 6th.

展覽從10月6日開始。

unlock the mystery/secret of sth表示「解開…之謎；發現…的秘密」，英文解釋為「to discover important new facts about something」舉個🌰：

A chemical has been discovered that may be the key to unlocking the mysteries of Parkinson's disease.

已發現一種化學物質，這可能是解開帕金森氏病之謎的鑰匙。

Three scientists jointly won the prize in physics Tuesday. Frenchman Alain Aspect, American John F. Clauser and Austrian Anton Zeilinger had shown that tiny particles can retain a connection with each other even when separated, a phenomenon known as quantum entanglement, that can be used for specialized computing and to encrypt information.

周二，三名科學家共同獲得了物理學獎。法國的阿蘭·阿斯佩（Alain Aspect）、美國的約翰·克勞澤（John Clauser）、奧地利的安東·塞林格（Anton Zeilinger）證明，微小粒子即使分離也能保持彼此之間的聯繫，這種現象被稱為量子糾纏（quantum entanglement），可用於專業計算和加密信息。

電子是原子粒子。

retain /rɪˈteɪn/ 表示「保持；保留；保有」，英文解釋為「to keep or continue to have something」舉個🌰：

She has lost her battle to retain control of the company.

她被打敗了，失去了繼續掌管公司的權力。

quantum /ˈkwɒn.təm/ 表示「量子」，英文解釋為「the smallest amount or unit of something, especially energy」如：quantum theory 量子理論。

表示「糾纏；糾葛；牽連」，英文解釋為「a situation or relationship that you are involved in and that is difficult to escape from」。

encrypt /ɪnˈkrɪpt/ 表示「將…譯成密碼；把…編碼；把…加密」，英文解釋為「to change electronic information or signals into a secret code (= system of letters, numbers, or symbols) that people cannot understand or use on normal equipment」舉個🌰：

Your financial information is fully encrypted and cannot be accessed.

有關你財務狀況的信息已被完全加密，別人無法看到。

The Nobel Prize in chemistry was awarded Wednesday to Americans Carolyn R. Bertozzi and K. Barry Sharpless, and Danish scientist Morten Meldal for developing a way of 「snapping molecules together」 that can be used to explore cells, map DNA and design drugs that can target diseases such as cancer more precisely.

周三，諾貝爾化學獎授予了美國的卡羅琳·貝爾托西（Carolyn R. Bertozzi）和卡爾·巴里·夏普利斯（K. Barry Sharpless）、以及丹麥科學家摩頓·梅爾達爾（Morten P. Meldal），因其開發了一種「將分子斷裂後耦合在一起」的方法，這種方法可以用來探索細胞、繪製DNA，並設計出更精確地應對癌症等疾病的藥物。

1）表示「突然折斷，咔嚓一聲折斷」，英文解釋為「to cause something that is thin to break suddenly and quickly with a cracking sound」舉個🌰：

Some vandal's snapped off my car aerial again.

2）表示「拍照；攝影」，英文解釋為「(informal) to take a photograph」舉個🌰：

A passing tourist snapped the incident.

一個過路的遊客把這件事拍了下來。

The 2022 Nobel Peace Prize will be announced on Friday and the economics award on Monday.

2022年諾貝爾和平獎將於周五公布，經濟學獎將於周一公布。

The prizes carry a cash award of 10 million Swedish kronor (nearly $900,000) and will be handed out on Dec. 10. The money comes from a bequest left by the prize’s creator, Swedish inventor Alfred Nobel, in 1895.

諾貝爾獎獎金為1000萬瑞典克朗（近90萬美元），將於12月10日頒發。這筆錢來自該獎項的創建者、瑞典發明家阿爾弗雷德·諾貝爾（Alfred Nobel）1895年留下的遺產。

表示「遺贈，遺產」，英文解釋為「the money or property belonging to someone that they say that, after their death, they wish to be given to other people」。

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