近日，教育部印發了義務教育課程方案和語文等16個課程標準（2022年版），新修訂的義務教育課程方案明確了義務教育階段培養目標，進一步優化了課程設置，將勞動、信息科技及其所占課時從綜合實踐活動課程中獨立出來。
今秋開學起，中小學將獨立開設勞動課程。對新方案的這一變化，不少網友直呼：多年前的勞動課，如今又回來啦！近40年來中小學勞動教育課經歷了怎麼樣的變遷史，一起來看看。
每周一節專門的勞動課，做衣架、編掃帚、挑沙子 學習生活技能。
製作木工藝品、種植油菜花，在綜合實踐活動中培養勞動技能。
《SIXTH TONE》對此做了報道，我們一起來了解一下：
單詞預背，閱讀更順暢！[末版]
China’s public schools will soon ask students to put down their books and electronic devicesand pick up spatulas, brooms, and kettles.
中國的公立學校將很快要求學生放下書本和電子設備，拿起鍋鏟、掃帚和水壺。
The country’s top education authority has ordered all primary and secondaryschools to set up compulsory「labor」 coursesunder a newly revisednational curriculum, domesticmediaGuangming Daily reported Thursday. Starting September, students will take at least one such class every week.
據國內媒體《光明日報》周四報道，國家最高教育主管部門要求所有中小學在新修訂的國家課程中開設「勞動」課程。從9月份開始，學生每周將至少上一堂此類課程。
The Ministryof Education said the move was aimed at 「purposefully and systematically getting students involvedin labor,」 accordingto a notice releasedlast month and has since been updated. The notice identified10 labor-related activities for students, including cooking, repairing householdappliances, raising pets, and growing vegetables.
教育部表示，根據上月發布並已作更新的通知，此舉旨在「有目的地、有系統地讓學生參與勞動」。通知列出了10項與勞動有關的活動，包括做飯、修理家用電器、飼養寵物和種植蔬菜。
For one 「Cooking and Nutrition」 class, while primary school students would be taught basic skills such as peelingvegetables and using a knife, they would eventually learn to prepare various dishes at secondaryschool.
在一節「烹飪與營養」課上，小學生們會學習一些基本技能，比如削蔬菜皮和用刀，等到了中學將最終學習準備各類菜餚。
China’s rigorouseducation system has been long criticizedfor its emphasison standardized tests and neglectinglife and professional skills. The revisedcurriculumstandard marks the government’s latest attempt to impart「quality education」while also teaching practical life skills to students.
長期以來，中國嚴格的教育體系一直因強調標準化考試並忽視生活和專業技能而受到批評。修訂後的課程標準標誌着政府在傳授「素質教育」的同時，也向學生傳授實際生活技能的最新嘗試。
第一，學習spatula的用法。這個詞作可數名詞，表示a kitchen tool with a wide flat blade, used for spreading, mixing, or lifting softsubstances，抹刀，鏟〔廚房用具〕。
第二，學習set sth up的用法。這個詞組表示to make the arrangements that are necessary for something to happen，安排某事，例：I』ll set up an appointment for you. 我來為你安排約見。
第三，學習appliance的用法。這個詞作可數名詞，表示a piece of equipment, especially electrical equipment, such as a COOKER or WASHING MACHINE, used in people’s homes，家用電器；家用器具，常用搭配為domestic /householdetcappliance，例：There’s plenty of space for all the usual kitchen appliances. 有足夠的空間擺放各種日常廚房器具。
第四，學習impart的用法。這個詞作及物動詞，表示to give information, knowledge, wisdom etc to someone，〔向某人〕傳授〔知識、智慧〕，透露〔信息〕；告知，例：She had information that she couldn’t wait to impart. 她得到了消息，迫不及待地想告訴別人。
Starting this month, high schools are also required to include vocational courses to provide students with 「enlightenmentand experience.」
從本月開始，高中也被要求開設職業課程，為學生提供「啟蒙和體驗」。
The announcement of laborcourses for primary and secondaryschool students has attracted wide discussion on microblogging platform Weibo. While some online users said they supported a diverse curriculum, others questioned the effectiveness of such courses.
中小學生勞動課程的消息在微博上引起了廣泛的討論。雖然一些網友表示他們支持多樣化的課程，但也有人質疑此類課程的有效性。
「I don’t think teachers can afford the safety risk, as students will need to use fire and electricity,」 said one Weibo user who claimedto be a college student majoring in education. 「I don’t have the confidenceand would suggest parents do that job.」
一名自稱是教育專業大學生的微博用戶表示:「我認為老師承擔不起安全風險，因為學生需要使用火和電。」「我沒有信心，我建議家長們做這項工作。」
Xu Yeqian, a mother of four from the southern Guangdong province, told Sixth Tone that schools had previously offered cooking and other courses voluntarily. The 36-year-old said her children barelylearned anything in the class, but she ended up cooking the dishes herself and shooting staged photos as requested by teachers.
來自廣東省南部、四個孩子的母親許葉倩（音譯）告訴《第六聲》，學校以前曾自願提供烹飪和其他課程。36歲的她說，她的孩子們在課堂上幾乎什麼都沒學到，她最終還是按照老師的要求自己把菜做完並拍了照片。
「I’m getting tired of cooperatingunconditionally,」 Xu said. 「I don’t think there will be any fundamentalchanges, as academicgrades will still be the most important in the currentevaluation system.」
「我已經厭倦了無條件的合作，」徐說。「在目前的評價體系中，成績仍然是最重要的，因此我認為不會有根本性的變化。」
第一，學習enlightenment的用法。這個詞作不可數名詞，表示when you understand something clearly, or when you help someone do this，領悟；啟發，開導，例：Isabel looked to Ron for enlightenment. 伊莎貝爾希望得到羅恩的啟發。
第二，學習shoot的熟詞僻義。這個詞作及物動詞，表示to take photographs or make a film of something，拍攝，例：The movie was shot in New Zealand. 這部影片是在新西蘭拍攝的。
第三，學習擺拍和抓拍的說法。「擺拍」，指僅以攝影為目的搭建或虛構的場景，進行拍攝（Photographs that capturestaged or artificially constructed scenes made only for the purpose of photography），英文翻譯為「posesomebody for the camera」，「stage a photo」或「staged photography」。與「擺拍」相反的是「抓拍（take a candid photograph）」。「抓拍照」可以翻譯為「candid photo」，「擺拍照」翻譯為「staged photo」。
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