鑽石舞台

Call me weird. But I love a good ride-along. Like, love them. I've been on ride-alongs across the world. In Amsterdam, in Canada, in Boston, and even right here, in Denver. And what I've learned is that people call the cops for a number of reasons. Anything from a lost cat, to a neighbor they just want to know more about, to maybe a loved one or a stranger having a mental health crisis.

也許聽起來很奇怪。但我很喜歡跟着警察參加隨行活動。甚至可以說非常喜歡。在世界各地，比如阿姆斯特丹、加拿大、波士頓，甚至就在丹佛這邊，我都參加過警車隨行活動。我發現，人們給警察打電話的原因有很多。可能是因為一隻貓走丟了，可能是因為想多了解自己鄰居一點，也可能是因為親人或某個陌生人，正處於心理健康危機中。

But really, at the heart of it, people call 9-1-1 because they just don't know what else to do. What I've learned, though, is that sometimes, when you call 9-1-1, it can make a bad situation even worse. Maybe a loved one is arrested. Or they're placed on a 72-hour hold. There are fines and fees. And criminal charges. And sometimes, calling 9-1-1 can be the beginning of the end of someone's life. Now, you might think I'm here to talk about abolishing the police.

但實際上，問題的關鍵是，人們報警是因為不知道除了報警還能做什麼。不過我發現，有時報警只會讓情況更糟。也許有親人被逮捕，或者他們被留置72小時。有罰金和費用。以及刑事指控。有時，撥打911會是導致某人生命結束的開端。你可能認為我是來談廢除警察的。

Not exactly. Actually here to talk about a different solution. A solution that takes care of a person, keeps our community safe and helps the police to focus on what they do best, enforcing the laws. For me, it all started with a visit to Eugene, Oregon. You see, I had just passed a ballot measure here in Denver, called Caring for Denver, to provide more mental health and substance use services for people in crisis right here, in Denver, when a friend tipped me off to a program in Eugene.

不完全是。實際上，我要談的是一個不同的解決方案。這種方案可以照顧人們，保持社區的安全，並幫助警察專注於他們最擅長的工作——執行法律。對我來說，這一切都始於一次俄勒岡州尤金的訪問。當時，我剛剛在丹佛這裡通過了一項投票調查，叫做「關愛丹佛」，來給丹佛處於危機中的人們提供更多精神健康和藥物使用服務。在這時，一個朋友給我介紹了尤金市的一個項目。

Normally, when you call 9-1-1, you get a firefighter, a police officer or a paramedic. But in Eugene, there's a fourth option. A mental health professional and an EMT, who ride along in a van and respond to mental health calls. The program is called CAHOOTS. Studies show that nearly 50 percent of victims of police brutality have a disability, predominantly a mental health disability. We have a huge problem with mental health in this country.

撥打911時，一般接聽的是消防員、警察、或救護人員。但在尤金，還有第四種選擇。一名心理健康專家和一名急救人員。他們乘坐一輛麵包車，回應心理健康相關電話。該計劃名為CAHOOTS。研究表明，遭受過警察暴力的受害者中近50%都有精神健康方面的殘疾。我們國家的心理健康問題很嚴重。

The fact of the matter is police simply don't have the tools to respond to a mental health crisis. And we've seen that when we don't adequately fund mental health and substance use services, and use our jails and our prisons as de facto mental health clinics, we actually end up in much worse situations. And people's mental health is no better for it. So, I went along to Eugene to learn more. I went through a training, and then, yay, finally, another ride-along.

事實是，警察根本沒有應對心理健康危機的儲備工具。而且我們已經看到，如果我們沒有充分地資助精神健康和藥物使用服務，還把監獄視作精神健康診所，那麼最後會陷入更糟糕的處境。而人們的心理健康也並沒有因此得到改善。所以，我去了尤金市了解更多情況。我經過一次培訓，然後，耶，終於又一次隨行的機會。

I got in the van and went with the CAHOOTS team.About 20 minutes into our call, we were called to respond to a man in a mental health crisis. Immediately, I was shocked at how nice the neighborhood was.Middle-income neighborhood, kids out playing, there was even a young boy on a tricycle in the driveway. It was just a normal day. We met up with a woman, who was the wife. And we asked her what was going on.She informed us that her husband was locked in the bathroom.

我上了麵包車，和CAHOOTS團隊一起出發。通話進行了大約20分鐘後，我們被通知要處理一名處於精神健康危機的男子。隨即，我被這個和諧的社區環境所震驚。這是一個中層階級的社區，有孩子在外面玩耍，車道上甚至還有一個騎着三輪車的小男孩。那天只是普通的一天。我們和那人的妻子見了面。然後我們問她發生了什麼。她告訴我們，她的丈夫把自己鎖在了浴室里。

And he was talking about ending his life. He had box cutters. We went inside to talk to him. And he explained to us, through a closed door, that he simply couldn't do it anymore. He was erratic. He said he wasn't going to put his family through these burdens anymore. And he just wanted it to end. We talked to him through that closed door for nearly an hour. And in the end, he just wouldn't come out. So, we left.

而且他一直說着想自殺。他帶了美工刀。我們進屋和男子談了談。他隔着門向我們解釋，說他撐不下去了。他的情緒很不穩定。他說他不打算再讓家人承受這些負擔，並只想結束這一切。我們隔着門交談了近一個小時。最後，他就是不肯出來。於是，我們離開了。

About 30 minutes after leaving, we were called to come back on scene. You see, the police had been called. He had box cutters, a weapon. But they knew we had been there first. So the police, they waited for us. We got there. And the police were able to convince the man to turn over his box cutters. He got dressed. And he came out of the bathroom. And then, something magical happened. You see, the police started to retreat down the stairs. The CAHOOTS team, they stepped up.

離開後約30分鐘後，我們被調回到了現場。警察已經被叫了過去。因為他的美工刀是武器。但警察知道我們先去過那裡。所以，警察等着我們。我們到達了。並且警察最終說服了男子把美工刀交出來。男子穿好了衣服後，從浴室里走了出來。然後，出乎意料的事情發生了。警察開始從樓梯上往下退，讓CAHOOTS團隊站在前面。

They got the man to sit on the couch and talk to them.And then, they knelt down to his eye level. Because he wasn't a threat, and neither were they. We sat there and we talked for about three hours. Now, I was back a little bit. And I could see, on a desk that they had in the hallway, piles and piles of papers. Unpaid medical bills.I knew what he was going through. The CAHOOTS team talked to him about his financial burdens. They talked to him about resources.

團隊成功讓這名男子坐在沙發上和他們交談。然後，他們蹲下來與男子平視。因為他們對彼此都不造成威脅。我們坐在那裡，談了大約三個小時。當時我處於靠後的位置，可以看到走廊里的一張桌子上放着成堆的文件。都是未支付的醫療賬單。我知道他在經歷什麼。CAHOOTS團隊與男子談論了他的經濟負擔和資源問題。

And they eventually made a plan to get him to help the next day. He even ate a sandwich. And they took his vitals the entire time. When we left, he was a different person, and so was I. Sadly, the situation is all too familiar for me. You see, my sister has been in and out of the criminal justice system for about 30 years. You know, we thought she was just an addict. Later, we found out that she had untreated trauma from a sexual assault. We didn't know what to do. We didn't know how to help her.

並最終一起制定了一個計劃，讓他在第二天得到幫助。他甚至吃了一個三明治。團隊還在整個過程中測量了他的生命體徵。當我們離開時，他已經是一個完全不同的人了，我也是如此。可悲的是，我太熟悉這種情況了。我妹妹與刑事司法系統打了大約30年的交道了。以前我們只是以為她熱衷於此。但後來發現她有未經治療的心理創傷，是由一次性侵導致的。我們不知道怎麼辦，或者該如何幫助她。

So when I flew back to Denver, I thought about my sister, I thought about this man. And I knew we could do better in Denver. What intrigued me so much about Eugene is that the police and the mental health crisis team, they work together, in cahoots. An elite team of specialists trained to respond to people having a mental health or substance use crisis. See, it was the police that convinced the man to surrender the box cutters. But it was the CAHOOTS team that stepped up, connected the man to resources and listened.

所以當我飛回丹佛的時候，我思考了我的妹妹，思考了這位男子。我知道我們在丹佛能做得更好。尤金如此吸引我是因為那裡的警察和心理健康危機小組一起協作，共同工作。一支訓練有素的精英專家團隊回應遇到精神健康或藥物使用危機的人。看，是警察說服了男子交出美工刀。然後是CAHOOTS團隊站了出來，幫男子聯繫資源，並傾聽他的想法。

You see, I have been fighting for criminal justice reform my entire career. And sometimes, it can seem so daunting. There are 7,000 prisons and jails across the United States, 2.3 million inmates. For millions of Americans: judges, attorneys, correctional officers, cops, mass incarceration is a livelihood. To fix the criminal justice system, we must look critically at every piece of the puzzle. Find out what's working and fix what's not.If there is one thing that's clearly not working, it's the one-size-fits-all approach.

我的整個職業生涯都在為刑事司法改革而奮鬥。有時，它是如此令人生畏。全美有7000所監獄和牢房，和230萬名囚犯。對於數以百萬的美國人來說——法官、律師、管教人員、警察——他們以大規模監禁做為生活來源。要解決刑事司法系統的問題，我們必須批判性地審視每一塊拼圖。找出什麼是有效的，並修復不符合要求的地方。現在這種一刀切的做法明顯是不可行的。

Outside of Eugene, Oregon, that man would have been placed on a 72-hour hold. He could have been incarcerated. He might even have died. He would have been under more financial stress and burden. And his mental health would have been no better. Two million people are booked into jails and prisons every year. And the National Alliance for Mental Health, they've reported that 83 percent of these folks don't have access to mental health care. A well-functioning criminal justice system uses the right tool at the right time.

如果不在俄勒岡州尤金市，那位男子會被留置72小時。他可能被關進監獄，甚至可能已經死了。他可能會承受更多經濟壓力和負擔。而他的心理健康也不會好到哪裡去。每年有兩百萬人被送入監獄。國家心理健康聯盟報告稱，這些人中有83%不能獲得心理健康服務。一個運作良好的刑事司法系統能及時使用正確的工具。

Why are we asking our police and our prisons to fix our mental health crisis? That's not what they do. Eugene uses the standard system of triage. What's happening right now? And what does the person need, right now?But then, they have the tools to back it up. A team of trained professionals, who have the time, resources and energy to get the person to the services they need.

Denver launched our co-responsemodel in 2016. We launched STAR, baby CAHOOTS, in June.

為什麼要求警察和監獄解決心理健康危機？他們不是幹這行的。尤金使用標準的分診系統。正在發生什麼？這個人現在需要什麼？然後，他們有相應的工具來支撐。一支訓練有素的專業團隊有時間、資源和精力使受害者獲得所需的服務。丹佛在2016年推出了共同回應模式。我們在6月推出了STAR，即嬰兒版的CAHOOTS。

Today, we have 22 co-responders, mental health professionals who ride along with law-enforcement officers. We have 11 caseworkers. In addition, we dispatch the STAR team, a paramedic and a mental health professional in a mobile crisis unit, who are trained to deal with someone in a mental health emergency. They stabilize them. They de-escalate the situation. And they connect someone with the resources that they need, ongoing care.

今天，我們有22名急救員助手、專業心理健康人士與執法人員隨行。我們還有11名個案專員。此外，我們還派出了STAR團隊，包括一名輔助醫務人員和一名心理健康專家，他們在一個移動的危機處理單位里。他們接受過處理精神健康緊急情況的培訓。可以穩定受害者的情緒，緩解惡劣的局勢，並且幫受害者聯繫所需的資源：持續的照顧。

So far, the results have been nothing short of miraculous. STAR has had a thousand calls since June.They have had to call the police for backup zero times.Additionally, the Co-Responder model has led to a less than two percent rate of tickets or citations. And the best part, the cops love it. In fact, the thing I hear the most is: Why don't we have STAR in my precinct yet?Cops are even working alongside of co-responders to deal with their own mental health traumas.

到目前為止，這個項目的效果堪稱奇蹟。自6月以來，STAR已經接收了一千多個電話。他們叫了警察的支援零次。此外，在聯合急救模式下只有不到2%的罰單或傳票率。最棒的是——警察們喜歡這種模式。事實上，我聽到最多的就是：為什麼我們的轄區內還沒有STAR？警察甚至與急救員助手並肩工作來處理他們自己的心理健康創傷。

They're talking through their issues with people that they actually trust. And we found this not only makes law enforcement officers safer. But it keeps the profession safer as a whole. We called the foundation Caring for Denver because caring is at the heart of it.

We care about the people. We listen to their concerns.And we connect folks with the resources that they need. It's a kind approach to criminal justice, yes. But it's also a logical one.

他們在與自己真正信任的人談論憂慮。我們發現這不僅使執法人員更安全，也使整個行業更加安全。我們把這個基金會稱為「關愛丹佛「，因為核心是關愛。我們關心受害者，傾聽他們的憂慮，並幫人們聯繫所需的資源。是的，這是一種善意的刑事司法。但也是符合邏輯的。

Not every problem can be solved by the police, and not everyone should go to jail. When we talk about criminal justice, what we're really talking about is people. People are at the heart of it. We deserve a better approach, one with empathy and humanity. So let's be smart about criminal justice, and use the right tool at the right time. Thank you.

警察解決不了所有的問題，也不是所有人都應該入獄。當我們談及刑事司法時，我們討論的是人。人才是它的核心所在。應該有一個更好的，有同情心和人性的方法。因此，讓我們對刑事司法做出一個明智的判斷。並在適當的時候使用適當的工具。謝謝。