鑽石舞台

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Cure.

Progressive disease.

Recurrence or relapse.

Refractory cancer or resistant cancer.

Complete remission or complete response.

Partial remission, or partial response.

Stable disease.

Disease-free survival.

Disease-specific survival.

Event-free survival.

Progression-free survival.

Relative survival.

Total survival or Overall Survival

When it comes to cancer, the word 'cure' is a tricky one.Oncologists are usually hesitant to say that someone is cured of cancer, because there is always a chance the cancer can come back.Even if all the cancer seems to be gone, there may be some undetected cells still in the body. These cells can multiply over time and lead to relapse.

If someone is described as cured, it usually means that he or she has been cancer-free for at least five years.

治癒。

談到癌症，「治癒」這個詞是一個棘手的問題。腫瘤科醫生通常會猶豫是否有人從癌症中被治癒，因為癌症總是有可能復發。即使所有的癌症似乎都消失了 ，身體中可能還有一些未被發現的細胞。這些細胞會隨着時間的推移而繁殖並導致復發。

如果某人被描述為治癒，通常意味着他或她已經無癌症至少五年。

Progressive disease is defined in clinical trials as tumor growth of more than 20 percent since treatment began.Tumor growth means that the tumor is getting bigger, but it may also mean that the tumor is spreading.Progression generally indicates that treatment has stopped working.The bottom line is that your cancer is getting worse.

病情進展。

病情進展在臨床試驗中被定義為自治療開始以來腫瘤生長超過20％。腫瘤生長意味着腫瘤變大，但也可能意味着腫瘤正在擴散。進展通常表明治療已經停止起效。最重要的是，你的癌症正在惡化。

If your doctor tells you that you are experiencing a recurrence, or relapse, of cancer, this means that cancer you thought had been successfully treated has now returned. The cancer may have returned in its original location, or it may be in a new location.Even if you are in remission — that is, your cancer seems to have disappeared — some cancer cells may still be present, and they can multiply over time. A recurrence, or relapse, may not be detected until tests identify these cells.

復發。

如果您的醫生告訴您，您正在經歷癌症的復發，這意味着被認為成功治療的癌症現已恢復。癌症可能已經在其原始位置返回，或者出現在新的位置。即使您處於緩解期 - 也就是說，您的癌症似乎已經消失一些癌細胞可能仍然存在，並且它們可以隨着時間的推移而倍增。在識別這些細胞之前，可能無法檢測到復發或復發。

For many reasons, cancer may not respond to treatment. Some cancer cells have ways of defending themselves against chemotherapy drugs, biological agents and/or radiation therapy. In such cases, the cancer is termed refractory. Refractory cancer may shrink, but not to the point where the treatment is determined to be effective. In most cases, the tumor stays the same size it was before treatment (stable disease) or it grows (progressive disease).

難治性癌症或耐藥性癌症。

由於許多原因，治療可能對癌症無效。一些癌細胞具有抵抗化療藥物，生物製劑和/或放射療法的方法。在這種情況下，癌症被稱為難治性的。難治性癌症可能會縮小，但不會達到確定治療有效的程度。在大多數情況下，腫瘤保持與治療前相同的大小（疾病穩定）或其生長（病情進展）。

After your cancer has been treated, your doctor will do some tests to see if any cancer cells are still present in your body. If your doctor can't find any cancer cells over the course of six months, you are thought to be in remission (a situation also known as a complete remission or a complete response). This does not mean the cancer has disappeared completely. It means only that no cells have been found after testing.

Remission may last for many years or for less than one year.You should continue to follow up with your doctor and get tested regularly to see if any cancer cells remain in your body.

完全緩解。

治療癌症後，醫生會做一些檢測，看看您體內是否還有癌細胞。如果您的醫生在六個月內找不到任何癌細胞，您被認為處於緩解期（這種情況也稱為完全緩解或完全緩解）。這並不意味着癌症已完全消失。這隻意味着檢測後發現沒有細胞。

緩解可能持續多年或不到一年。您應該繼續跟進您的醫生並定期接受檢查，看看是否有任何癌細胞殘留在您體內。

A partial remission, or partial response, indicates there has been a decrease in tumor size, or in the extent of cancer in the body,after treatment. The definition of 'partial' is different for every cancer. In most cases it means tumors must be reduced by more than 50 percent—and stay that way for at least six months after treatment. But in clinical trials,new guidelines define a partial response as a reduction in tumor size of at least 30 percent.

部分緩解。

部分緩解表明治療後腫瘤大小或體內癌症程度有所下降。「部分」的定義對於每種癌症都是不同的。在大多數情況下，它意味着腫瘤必須減少50％以上 - 並且在治療後至少保持6個月。在臨床試驗中，新指南將部分反應定義為腫瘤大小減少至少30％。

A tumor may shrink,but not enough to be categorized as a partial response (that is, tumor reduction greater than 50 percent). Or a tumor may increase in size, but not enough to be considered progressive disease (that is, tumor growth greater than 20 percent). Such tumors, in which there is no significant change in size, are classified as stable disease.

疾病穩定。

腫瘤可能縮小，但不足以被歸類為部分緩解。或者腫瘤的大小可能會增加，但不足以被視為疾病進展。這種腫瘤在大小上沒有顯着變化，被歸類為穩定疾病。（可理解為腫瘤緩慢增長）

Disease-free survival is the length of time after treatment that a person experiences a complete remission (in which cancer is not detectable in the body). Disease-free survival can also refer to the percentage of people who experience complete remission for a certain time period. For example, if a cancer treatment results in 70 percent disease-free survival over five years, seven out of every 10 people were in complete remission for five years after treatment.

無病生存期。

無病生存期是指治療後患者完全緩解（在體內無法檢測到癌症）的時間長度。無病生存也可以指在一段時間內完全緩解的人的百分比。例如，如果癌症治療五年內無病生存率是70％，那麼每10個人中有7個在治療後五年內完全緩解。

Disease-specific survival tells you the proportion of people with a type of cancer who did not die of the cancer after a specific time period. These people may still be alive, or they may have died of some other cause. For example, a 60 percent disease-specific survival for a certain type of cancer means that 40 percent of the people with that cancer died of the cancer, and 60 percent either are alive or died of some other cause.

疾病特異性生存期。

疾病特異性生存率告訴您在特定時間段後患有某種癌症並且未死於癌症的人的比例。這些人可能還活着，或者他們可能已經死於其他原因。例如，某種類型癌症的60％疾病特異性存活率意味着40％的癌症患者死於癌症，60％的患者存活或死於某些其他原因。

This term is usually used only in clinical trials.It refers to the length of time after treatment that a person remains free of certain negative events, which can include the following:

Severe treatment side effects

Cancer recurrence or progression

Death (from treatment side effects or from the cancer itself)

The negative events used to calculate event-free survival can vary. They are usually determined by the type of clinical trial conducted.

無事件生存期。

該術語通常僅用於臨床試驗。它指的是治療後一個人沒有任何負面事件的時間長度，包括以下內容：

嚴重的治療副作用

癌症復發或進展

死亡（來自治療副作用或來自癌症本身）

用於計算無事件生存的負面事件可能有所不同。它們通常取決於所進行的臨床試驗的類型。

This term defines the length of time during and after treatment that the cancer does not grow. Progression-free survival includes the amount of time patients have experienced a complete response or a partial response, as well as the amount of time patients have experienced stable disease.

無進展生存期。

該術語定義了治療期間和之後癌症不會生長的時間長度。無進展生存包括患者經歷完全緩解或部分緩解的時間量，以及患者經歷疾病穩定的時間量。(CR+PR+stable disease)

Relative survival reflects the expected amount of time a person with a particular disease will live, compared with people the same age who do not have that disease. Relative survival gives you an idea of how much a particular disease is expected to shorten your life.

Relative survival is often expressed as the percent of people with the disease who survive five years, divided by the percent of the general population who will be alive at the end of those five years. For example, the five-year relative survival for breast cancer is 86 percent. Therefore, the proportion of women with breast cancer who are alive five years after diagnosis is 86 percent of the proportion of the general population who are alive five years later. Put another way, five years after diagnosis, the population of women with breast cancer has 14 percent fewer survivors than the general population does, or the chance of a woman being alive five years after a breast cancer diagnosis is 14 percent lower than it is for all women.

Relative survival is usually calculated for specific stages of cancer. Stages reflect how large a tumor is, whether or not it can be surgically removed and whether it has spread to lymph nodes, bone or other organs at the time of diagnosis. This is an informative way to present information, because survival is higher when cancer is diagnosed early than when cancer is diagnosed after it has spread (metastasized).

For example, the overall five-year relative survival for people with lung cancer is 15 percent, but for people with lung cancer that has not spread outside the

lung, it is 48 percent. (In contrast, survival for people diagnosed after their lung cancer has spread outside the lung is only 3 percent.)

Relative survival considers only deaths from the cancer and not other deaths (from accidents, heart disease, secondary cancers or other causes).

相對生存期。

與不患有該疾病的同齡人相比，相對生存率反映了患有特定疾病的人預期的生存時間。相對生存率可以讓您了解特定疾病如何影響人的生命。

Total survival reflects the expected amount of time a person will live before dying of any cause. Total survival reflects the risk of dying from a specific cancer, plus the risk of dying from any other cause (an accident or another disease, for example). Cancer experts calculate total survival to determine the additional years of life lost as a consequence of having cancer. This has a major impact on choosing treatment.

For example, a 90 year old man with a small colon cancer is much more likely to die of another cause other than colon cancer. So surgery to remove the colon cancer may not be indicated. But a 55 year old with a cancerous colon polyp has a significant risk of dying from metastatic colon cancer if the polyp is not completely removed.

總生存期。

總生存期反映了一個人在死於任何原因之前的預期生存時間。癌症患者總生存率反映了死於特定癌症的風險，以及死於任何其他原因（例如事故或其他疾病）的風險。癌症專家計算總生存期，以確定因患癌症而導致的額外生命損失年數。這對選擇治療有重大影響。