鑽石舞台

在社交媒體平台上，「頭像」是用戶展示自我的重要標誌之一。有的人頭像使用後幾乎不換，有的人看心情搭配頭像，頭像會影響聊天欲嗎？頭像能反映人的性格嗎？

無注釋原文：

What Your Facebook Profile Pic Says About You

From: Bustle

April 22, 2017

It turns out the old cliche "a picture is worth a thousand words" is true, at least when it comes to your Facebook profile picture. A study from the University of Pennsylvania reveals what your Facebook profile picture says about you, and your personality. Are you an extravert, conscientious, or neurotic? It turns out that — just like the Magic 8 Ball — your social media profile picture knows all.

"Extraverts enjoy interacting with others, have high group visibility and are perceived as energetic. This could lead to extraverts using profile pictures involving other people or where they express more positive emotions," states the study titled Analyzing Personality through Social Media Profile Picture Choice. "Users high in conscientiousness tend to be more orderly and prefer planned behaviors. This could lead users to conform to norms of what is expected from a profile picture i.e., a frontal photography of themselves."

The study analyzes a broad range of interpretable image features from profile pictures, such as colors, aesthetics, facial presentation, and emotions. Working with these features, researchers uncovered their relationships with personality attributes from the big five model of personality traits — extraversion, agreeableness, openness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism.

Using a large sample of more than 60,000 people, and existing state-of-the-art text prediction methods, the study seeks to present a psychological profiling procedure that helps users better match their images with their online persona.

"Conversely, users high in openness to experience may be more inclined to choose unconventional images and poses, as a general inclination of this type of people for art and novelty," the study states. "Neuroticism is associated with negative emotions, which could also be reflected through users』 choices of profile images."

Researchers chose to focus their efforts on studying profile pictures because they reflect the impressions we want to convey to others. And, if you think you can trick people into thinking you're easy going when you're actually neurotic, I have bad news. You can't.

"Although social media allows a user to shape his or her own personality and idealized view (the 『idealized virtual identity hypothesis』), evidence shows that social media behavior usually represents an extension of one’s self (the 『extended real life hypothesis』)," researchers from the study claim, adding that algorithms were able to correctly assess users' personalities 65 percent of the time. The good news is you still have a 35 percent chance of fooling us.

Here's the quick and dirty about what your Facebook profile picture says about your personality. According to the study:

· Conscientiousness is the personality trait associated with orderliness, planned behavior and self discipline. Conscientious people choose colorful, natural, and bright images where they are smiling, and generally appear happy.

· Extraversion is a trait marked by engagement with the outside world. Extraverted people often select a sharp, colorful profile image that contains multiple, young-looking people, generally not wearing glasses (which is associated with introverts).

· Agreeableness is characterized by social harmony and cooperation. Agreeable people choose soft, cluttered, less aesthetically pleasing images than their counterparts, though they do display positive emotions, like joy.

· Neuroticism is associated with the experience of negative emotions and emotional instability, and thus neurotic people generally display simple, un-colorful images with negative color emotions. Facial expressions often lack openness, and include glasses, though neurotic people often choose profile images without visible faces.

· Openness is separated into the sub-traits 『Intellect』 and 『Openness to Experience』. Open people tend to choose appealing though less colorful, images, with increased contrast, sharpness, saturation and less blur. Additionally, open people tend to display a wider range of emotions in their profile pictures.

The University of Pennsylvania study concludes that users who are open or neurotic tend to post less photos of people, and when people are present, they tend not to express positive emotions, though the aesthetic quality of the photos is higher for openness and lower for neuroticism.

Conscientiousness, agreeable, and extraverted users prefer pictures with at least one face, generally and present positive emotions through their facial expressions, but conscientious users seem to play by the rules, and post the general definition of a profile picture: pictures of one face that expresses the most positive emotion out of all traits.

So, now that you know which one you are, is your trait most or least likely to attract friends? Another study from Toronto’s York University found that people are more interested in being friends with those whose pictures displayed open eyes, an oval face, a smile, and brown hair, according to the Washington Post. Additionally, people interpreted those wearing sweaters as being more approachable.

If you aren't thrilled with your trait, now that you understand the algorithm, perhaps you can consciously buck the trend, because why should Facebook know everything about you?

- ◆ -

註：中文文本為機器翻譯僅供參考，並非一一對應

含注釋全文：

What Your Facebook Profile Pic Says About You

From: Bustle

April 22, 2017

It turns out the old cliche "a picture is worth a thousand words" is true, at least when it comes to your Facebook profile picture. A study from the University of Pennsylvania reveals what your Facebook profile picture says about you, and your personality. Are you an extravert, conscientious, or neurotic? It turns out that — just like the Magic 8 Ball — your social media profile picture knows all.

事實證明，「一圖勝千言」這句老話是對的，至少在你的臉書（Facebook）頭像上是如此。賓夕法尼亞大學（University of Pennsylvania）的一項研究揭示了你的臉書頭像與你和你的性格的關係。你是外向者、有責任心的還是神經質的？事實證明，就像魔力八號球（Magic 8 Ball）一樣，你在社交媒體平台的頭像無所不知。

大多數推銷員都是性格外向的人。

neurotic /njʊəˈrɒt.ɪk/ 作形容詞，表示「神經過敏的，神經質的」，英文解釋為「behaving strangely or in an anxious (= worried and nervous) way, often because you have a mental illness」如：neurotic behaviour/tendencies 神經質的行為/傾向；

作名詞，表示「神經過敏者，神經質者；神經官能症患者」，英文解釋為「someone who behaves strangely, often because they have a mental illness」

神奇八號球（Magic 8 Ball），或譯魔力8球，是一個占卜類的小玩具。它的外型可能略大於或等同八號球，它有一面模仿8號球圖案，另一面為三角形窗口，而內部中空並注有液體。此玩具的玩法為：先將窗口朝下，同時向球問是非題，接着輕輕搖晃後再將窗口面轉上，之後在球內的二十面體中會有一道答案浮現在窗口。（Wikipedia）

「外向者喜歡與他人互動，群體知名度高，被認為是精力充沛的人。這可能會導致外向者使用涉及他人或表達更積極情緒的頭像，」這項名為「通過社交媒體頭像選擇分析性格」（Analyzing Personality through Social Media Profile Picture Choice）的研究指出。「盡責性強的用戶往往更有條理，更喜歡有計劃的行為。這可能會導致用戶上傳的頭像符合預期規範，即自己的正面照片。」

她的老師說她與別的孩子相處得很好。

The study analyzes a broad range of interpretable image features from profile pictures, such as colors, aesthetics, facial presentation, and emotions. Working with these features, researchers uncovered their relationships with personality attributes from the big five model of personality traits — extraversion, agreeableness, openness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism.

這項研究分析了頭像中大量可解釋的圖像特徵，如顏色、美學、面部表現和情緒。研究人員利用這些特徵，從人格的大五模式中——外向性、宜人性、開放性、盡責性和神經質——發現了它們與人格特質的關係。

· 宜人性/親和性（agreeableness）是：具有信任、利他、直率、依從、謙虛、移情等特質。

· 開放性/經驗開放性（openness/openness to experience）：具有想象、審美、情感豐富、求異、創造、智能等特質。

· 責任心/盡責性（conscientiousness）：顯示勝任、公正、條理、盡職、成就、自律、謹慎、克制等特點。

· 外傾性/外向性（extraversion）：表現出熱情、社交、果斷、活躍、冒險、樂觀等特質。

· 神經質（neuroticism）：具有平衡焦慮、敵對、壓抑、自我意識、衝動、脆弱等情緒的特質，即具有保持情緒穩定的能力。（百度百科）

interpretable /ɪnˈtɜː.prə.tə.bəl/ 表示「可解釋的，可闡明的」，英文解釋為「If something is interpretable, it is possible to find its meaning or possible to find a particular meaning in it.」舉個🌰：

The research models failed to produce interpretable solutions.

研究模型無法提供可解釋的解決方案。

Using a large sample of more than 60,000 people, and existing state-of-the-art text prediction methods, the study seeks to present a psychological profiling procedure that helps users better match their images with their online persona.

這項研究使用了超過6萬人的大樣本，以及現有的最先進的文本預測方法，試圖提出一種心理剖析程序，幫助用戶更好地將他們的形象與他們的網上頭像相匹配。

state-of-the-art表示「十分先進的；應用最新理念（或方法）的」，英文解釋為「very modern and using the most recent ideas and methods」如：a state-of-the-art computer 最先進的計算機。

類似的：

📍cutting-edge字面意思是「刀刃，刀口」，實際上表示某事物發展的「最尖端，最前沿」，和state-of-the-art同義，State of the art, the highest level of development, as of a device, technique, or scientific field，舉個🌰：

The research is at the cutting edge of computer science.

這項研究處於計算機科學的最前沿。

"Conversely, users high in openness to experience may be more inclined to choose unconventional images and poses, as a general inclination of this type of people for art and novelty," the study states. "Neuroticism is associated with negative emotions, which could also be reflected through users』 choices of profile images."

unconventional /ˌʌn.kənˈven.ʃən.əl/ 表示「不因循守舊的；不同尋常的」，英文解釋為「different from what is usual or from the way most people do things」如：an unconventional childhood/lifestyle/marriage 不一樣的童年/生活方式/婚姻

Researchers chose to focus their efforts on studying profile pictures because they reflect the impressions we want to convey to others. And, if you think you can trick people into thinking you're easy going when you're actually neurotic, I have bad news. You can't.

研究人員選擇專注於研究頭像，因為它們反映了我們想傳達給別人的印象。如果你認為你可以欺騙人們，讓他們認為你很隨和，而你實際上具有神經質特徵，那麼我有個壞消息，你騙不了別人。

"Although social media allows a user to shape his or her own personality and idealized view (the 『idealized virtual identity hypothesis』), evidence shows that social media behavior usually represents an extension of one’s self (the 『extended real life hypothesis』)," researchers from the study claim, adding that algorithms were able to correctly assess users' personalities 65 percent of the time. The good news is you still have a 35 percent chance of fooling us.

represent /ˌrep.rɪˈzent/ 表示「表示；象徵；代表；表現；展現；描繪；描述」，英文解釋為「to be a sign or symbol of something；to show or describe something or someone」舉個🌰：

To many people the White House represents the identity of the United States.

在許多人看來，白宮是美國的象徵。

extension /ɪkˈsten.ʃən/ 表示「伸展；延伸」，英文解釋為「the fact of reaching, stretching, or continuing; the act of adding to something in order to make it bigger or longer」舉個🌰：

Here's the quick and dirty about what your Facebook profile picture says about your personality. According to the study:

以下是你的臉書頭像對你性格的粗略描述。根據這項研究：

表示「粗製濫造的，敷衍了事的」，英文解釋為「produced quickly and therefore not perfect」如：a quick and dirty way to evaluate an investment 粗略的投資評估辦法，舉個🌰：

The original solution was admittedly quick and dirty.

不可否認的是最初的解決方案有些敷衍了事。

· Conscientiousness is the personality trait associated with orderliness, planned behavior and self discipline. Conscientious people choose colorful, natural, and bright images where they are smiling, and generally appear happy.

· 盡責性是與有條不紊、有計劃的行為和自律相關的人格特徵。盡責性強的人選擇色彩鮮艷、自然、明亮的形象照片，照片中的他們面帶微笑，通常看起來很快樂。

· Extraversion is a trait marked by engagement with the outside world. Extraverted people often select a sharp, colorful profile image that contains multiple, young-looking people, generally not wearing glasses (which is associated with introverts).

· 外向性是一種以與外界接觸為標誌的特徵。外向者通常會選擇一個清晰、豐富多彩的頭像，其中包含多個看起來年輕的人，通常不戴眼鏡（這與內向者有關）。

· Agreeableness is characterized by social harmony and cooperation. Agreeable people choose soft, cluttered, less aesthetically pleasing images than their counterparts, though they do display positive emotions, like joy.

Every shelf is cluttered with ornaments.

每層架子上都塞滿了裝飾品。

· Neuroticism is associated with the experience of negative emotions and emotional instability, and thus neurotic people generally display simple, un-colorful images with negative color emotions. Facial expressions often lack openness, and include glasses, though neurotic people often choose profile images without visible faces.

· 神經質與負面情緒和情緒不穩定的經歷有關，因此具有神經質特徵的人通常會展示帶有負面色彩情緒的簡單、不多彩的圖像。面部表情通常缺乏開放性、戴着眼鏡，儘管具有神經質特徵的人經常選擇看不到人臉的頭像。

· Openness is separated into the sub-traits 『Intellect』 and 『Openness to Experience』. Open people tend to choose appealing though less colorful, images, with increased contrast, sharpness, saturation and less blur. Additionally, open people tend to display a wider range of emotions in their profile pictures.

· 開放性分為「才智」和「經驗開放性」兩個子特徵。具有開放性特徵的人傾向於選擇吸引人的圖像，這些圖像雖然色彩較少，但具有更強的對比度、清晰度、飽和度以及不那麼模糊。此外，具有開放性特徵的人傾向於在他們的頭像中表現出更廣泛的情緒。

saturation /ˌsætʃ.əˈreɪ.ʃən/ 表示「飽和」，英文解釋為「the degree to which something is dissolved in something else, compared with the maximum possible degree」舉個🌰：

As the degree of saturation increases, the oil progresses towards being fully hydrogenated.

The University of Pennsylvania study concludes that users who are open or neurotic tend to post less photos of people, and when people are present, they tend not to express positive emotions, though the aesthetic quality of the photos is higher for openness and lower for neuroticism.

賓夕法尼亞大學的研究得出結論，具有開放性或神經質的用戶很少上傳人的頭像，當頭像有人時，他們往往表達不積極的情緒，儘管照片的美學質量在具有開放性特徵的人群中更高，而在具有神經質特徵的人群中更低。

Conscientiousness, agreeable, and extraverted users prefer pictures with at least one face, generally and present positive emotions through their facial expressions, but conscientious users seem to play by the rules, and post the general definition of a profile picture: pictures of one face that expresses the most positive emotion out of all traits.

具有盡責性、宜人性和外向性特徵的用戶更喜歡至少有一張臉的照片，通常通過他們的面部表情來表達積極的情緒，但是具有盡責性特徵的用戶似乎遵守規則，並按照個人頭像的一般性定義來上傳頭像：一張人臉照片表達了在所有特徵中最積極的情緒。

So, now that you know which one you are, is your trait most or least likely to attract friends? Another study from Toronto’s York University found that people are more interested in being friends with those whose pictures displayed open eyes, an oval face, a smile, and brown hair, according to the Washington Post. Additionally, people interpreted those wearing sweaters as being more approachable.

那麼，現在你知道你是哪種性格特質了，你的特質最有可能還是最不可能吸引朋友？據《華盛頓郵報》（The Washington Post）報道，多倫多約克大學的另一項研究發現，人們更有興趣和那些照片上睜着眼睛、橢圓形臉、微笑和棕色頭髮的人成為朋友。此外，人們認為穿毛衣的人更平易近人。

approachable /əˈprəʊ.tʃə.bəl/ 表示「友善的；易接近的」，英文解釋為「friendly and easy to talk to」舉個🌰：

He's always very approachable - why don't you talk the problem over with him?

他一向很友善——你為什麼不跟他談談這個問題呢？

If you aren't thrilled with your trait, now that you understand the algorithm, perhaps you can consciously buck the trend, because why should Facebook know everything about you?

如果你對自己的性格特質不感興趣，現在你了解了算法，也許你可以有意地反其道而行之，因為何必要讓臉書了解你的一切呢？

表示「逆潮流，逆勢」，英文解釋為「to be obviously different from the way that a situation is developing generally, especially in connection with financial matters」舉個🌰：

This company is the only one to have bucked the trend of a declining industry.

這家公司是在行業日益不景氣的情況下唯一一家蒸蒸日上的企業。

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