鑽石舞台

今天，#吃辣對身體究竟會有什麼影響#的話題在微博上引發熱議。

🤔️小作業：

無注釋原文：

Ugly Dangers of Eating Spicy Foods, According to Science

From: Eat This, Not That!

March 29, 2022

Adding some kick to your food can be really healthy. But here are some notable risks.

A little bit of peppery spice can be a healthy eater's best friend. Want to add some much-needed flavor to any nutritious but otherwise bland and tasteless foods? Simply add a dash of tabasco or sriracha, and—voila!—you've instantly made your meal more palatable without piling on the calories. (Just don't overdo it, as hot sauces contain plenty of sodium.)

But that's not the only benefit of adding some kick to your diet. Spicy foods can help with weight loss, heart disease, even depression. According to a study published in the British Medical Journal, people who ate spicy foods six to seven days per week "showed a 14% relative risk reduction in total mortality." In other words, a diet with some capsaicin, the chemical in peppers that provides that burn you know and love, can even prolong your life.

However, spicy foods aren't for everyone. And if you're dousing your food in too much hot sauce—or you're eating entirely too many meals that are ultra-high in spice levels—you could be damaging your body as well. Read on for some of the uglier health dangers of eating spicy foods.

1. They can have a laxative effect.

It's simply a fact that eating spicy foods is one of the most common culprits behind an upset stomach and diarrhea. According to one scientific study, capsaicin consumed in abundance can irritate the lining of your stomach after you eat it. The resulting symptoms of too much capsaicin, according to the folks at Healthline, include "nausea," "vomiting," "abdominal pain," and "burning diarrhea." So, if you're finding that you're overly sensitive to spicy foods, it'd be a good idea to cut them out.

2. They can cause acne and eczema.

"Spicy foods may cause people to break out," Rebecca Tung, MD, a Florida-based dermatologist, told Allure. "When spicy food creates inflammation in the gut—from an upset stomach, acid reflux, or other symptoms—sometimes this inflammation can also be seen on the skin with flushing, acne breakout, or even eczema. If a particular food might be the culprit, dermatologists may suggest a person keep a food diary to pinpoint the offender."

3. They can cause insomnia.

If you love a meal rich in spice, you may wish to confine it to lunch. "Spicy and acidic foods can kill sleep efforts because they cause heartburn," say the health experts over at WebMD. "Heartburn is especially problematic for people with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), also known as acid reflux."

According to many leading health experts, eating spicy foods closer to your bedtime isn't advised because lying down can actually exacerbate the discomfort you feel.

4. They can affect your voice.

According to the health experts at The Mayo Clinic, eating too many spicy foods is one of the things that can irritate your throat. If you're someone who suffers from acid reflux—something commonly brought on by the consumption of spicy foods—it can lead to not only vomiting but also to soreness, swelling, and "a hoarse, muffled voice."

5. They can lead to blisters and rashes.

According to Barry Green, Ph.D., of the John B. Pierce Laboratory in New Haven, Conn, simply touching some spicy foods can potentially have health risks. "Spicy foods excite the receptors in the skin that normally respond to heat," he explained to Scientific American. "Those receptors are pain fibers, technically known as polymodal nociceptors. They respond to temperature extremes and to intense mechanical stimulation, such as pinching and cutting; they also respond to certain chemical influences. The central nervous system can be confused or fooled when these pain fibers are stimulated by a chemical, like that in chili peppers, which triggers an ambiguous neural response."

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註：中文文本為機器翻譯僅供參考，並非一一對應

含注釋全文：

Ugly Dangers of Eating Spicy Foods, According to Science

From: Eat This, Not That!

March 29, 2022

Adding some kick to your food can be really healthy. But here are some notable risks.

在你的食物中加點辣確實是健康的。但這裡有一些明顯的風險。

熟詞僻義，作名詞，1）表示「極度的快感（或刺激）；極大的樂趣」，英文解釋為「a strong feeling of excitement and pleasure」舉個🌰：

I get a real kick out of winning a race.

我從贏得比賽中獲得極大的樂趣。

2）表示「（毒品或酒精的）效力，刺激性」，英文解釋為「the strong effect of an alcoholic drink」舉個🌰：

This drink has quite a kick.

這酒的勁相當大。

表示「顯要的；顯著的；值得注意的」，英文解釋為「important and deserving attention, because of being very good or interesting」如：a notable collection of rare plants 一批引人注目的奇花異草。

A little bit of peppery spice can be a healthy eater's best friend. Want to add some much-needed flavor to any nutritious but otherwise bland and tasteless foods? Simply add a dash of tabasco or sriracha, and—voila!—you've instantly made your meal more palatable without piling on the calories. (Just don't overdo it, as hot sauces contain plenty of sodium.)

一點點辛辣的香料會成為健康飲食者的最佳伴侶。想給任何有營養但平淡無味的食物添加一些急需的味道嗎？只需添加少量塔巴斯科辣醬（tabasco）或是拉差辣醬（sriracha），然後——瞧！——立刻讓飯菜變得更可口，而不會增加卡路里。（只是不要過量，因為辣醬含有大量鈉。）

peppery /ˈpep.ər.i/ 表示「胡椒味的；辣的」，英文解釋為「having a spicy flavour like pepper」舉個🌰：

This salad has a sharp peppery flavour.

這色拉有股很濃的胡椒味。

1）表示「（調味）香料」，英文解釋為「a substance made from a plant, used to give a special flavour to food」。

2）spice /spaɪs/ 表示「調劑品；額外的刺激（或趣味）」，英文解釋為「something that makes something else more exciting and interesting」舉個🌰：

A scandal or two adds a little spice to office life.

一兩條醜聞為辦公室生活平添了一點樂趣。

美式 flavor 英式 flavour /ˈfleɪ.vər/ 表示「（食物或飲料的）風味；（某種）味道」，英文解釋為「how food or drink tastes, or a particular taste itself」舉個🌰：

Add a little salt to bring out the flavour of the herbs.

加一點兒鹽使芳草的味道更鮮美。

nutritious /njuːˈtrɪʃ.əs/ 表示「營養豐富的，營養價值高的」，英文解釋為「containing many of the substances needed for life and growth」如：a nutritious diet 營養豐富的飲食。

bland /blænd/ 表示「無滋味的；枯燥乏味的；沒精打采的，無生氣的」，英文解釋為「not having a strong taste or character or not showing any interest or energy」舉個🌰：

I find chicken a little bland.

我覺得雞肉有點淡。

a dash 表示「（尤指添加的流質食品）少量，少許」，英文解釋為「a small amount of something, especially liquid food, that is added to something else」舉個🌰：

Add some butter and a dash of salt.

加一些黃油和一丁點鹽。

voilà /ˌvwɑːˈlɑː/ 表示「（用於展示得意之作等）瞧，那就是」，英文解釋為「used when showing to other people something that you have just made or got and are pleased with」

palatable /ˈpælətəbəl/表示「美味的，可口的」，英文解釋為「Palatable food or drink has a pleasant taste.」如：a very palatable wine 美酒。

表示「使迅速增加；猛增」，英文解釋為「to make sth increase rapidly」舉個🌰：

The team piled on the points in the first half of the game.

球隊在上半場連連得分。

I've been piling on the pounds (= I have put on weight) recently.

我最近體重猛增。

sauce /sɔːs/作名詞，可以指「調味汁；醬」（a thick liquid eaten with food to add flavour），本身也有「討厭的話（或舉動）；無禮的話（或舉動）」的含義（talk or behaviour that is annoying or lacking in respect）。

sodium /ˈsəʊ.di.əm/ 表示「鈉」，英文解釋為「a soft, silver-white chemical element that is found in salt」

But that's not the only benefit of adding some kick to your diet. Spicy foods can help with weight loss, heart disease, even depression. According to a study published in the British Medical Journal, people who ate spicy foods six to seven days per week "showed a 14% relative risk reduction in total mortality." In other words, a diet with some capsaicin, the chemical in peppers that provides that burn you know and love, can even prolong your life.

但這並不是在飲食中加點辣的唯一好處。辛辣食物對於減肥、心臟病，甚至抑鬱症都有幫助。根據發表在《英國醫學雜誌》（British Medical Journal）上的一項研究，每周6到7天吃辛辣食物的人「總死亡率相對降低了14%。」換句話說，含有辣椒素的飲食甚至可以延長你的壽命。辣椒素是辣椒中的化學物質，會帶來你所知道和喜愛的灼燒感。

mortality /mɔːˈtælɪtɪ/ 表示「死亡數量；死亡率」，英文解釋為「the number of deaths in a particular situation or period of time」。

區分：

📍morbidity /mɔːˈbɪdɪtɪ/ 表示「發病（率）」，英文解釋為「the morbidity of a disease is how many people have it in a particular population」。

capsaicin /kæpˈseɪsɪn/ 表示「辣椒素，辣椒鹼」，英文解釋為「the substance in chillis (= small hot-tasting peppers) that gives them their hot taste」。

prolong /prəˈlɒŋ/ 表示「延長，拖延」，英文解釋為「to make something last a longer time」舉個🌰：

We were having such a good time that we decided to prolong our stay by another week.

我們過得非常愉快，決定再多呆一個星期。

However, spicy foods aren't for everyone. And if you're dousing your food in too much hot sauce—or you're eating entirely too many meals that are ultra-high in spice levels—you could be damaging your body as well. Read on for some of the uglier health dangers of eating spicy foods.

然而，辛辣食物並不適合所有人。如果你在食物中澆了太多辣醬——或者你吃了太多超高辣度的食物——那麼你也可能在損害自己的身體。繼續閱讀，了解吃辛辣食物對健康的一些更可怕的危害。

douse /daʊs/ 表示「向…潑液體，朝…灑液體」，英文解釋為「to make something or someone wet by throwing a lot of liquid over it, him, or her」

1. They can have a laxative effect. 它們有瀉藥作用。

It's simply a fact that eating spicy foods is one of the most common culprits behind an upset stomach and diarrhea. According to one scientific study, capsaicin consumed in abundance can irritate the lining of your stomach after you eat it. The resulting symptoms of too much capsaicin, according to the folks at Healthline, include "nausea," "vomiting," "abdominal pain," and "burning diarrhea." So, if you're finding that you're overly sensitive to spicy foods, it'd be a good idea to cut them out.

事實上，吃辛辣食物是胃部不適和腹瀉背後最常見的罪魁禍首之一。根據一項科學研究，大量攝入辣椒素會在你食用後刺激你的胃黏膜。據Healthline的人說，過多辣椒素會導致「噁心」、「嘔吐」、「腹痛」和「灼熱性腹瀉」等症狀。因此，如果你發現你對辛辣食物過于敏感，那麼戒掉它們是個好主意。

laxative /ˈlæk.sə.tɪv/ 表示「瀉藥，通便劑；通便的」，英文解釋為「a substance that makes it easier for the waste from someone's bowels to come out」

1）表示「罪犯；造成破壞（問題）的人；過失者；責任人」，英文解釋為「the person who is guilty of a crime or doing something wrong」；

2）表示「問題的起因；罪魁禍首」，英文解釋為「a fact or situation that is the reason for something bad happening」舉個🌰：

Children in this country are getting much too fat, and sugar and sweets are the main culprits.

該國兒童過於肥胖，糖和甜食是罪魁禍首。

diarrhea /ˌdaɪəˈrɪə/ = diarrhoea /ˌdaɪ.əˈriː.ə/ 表示「腹瀉」，英文解釋為「an illness in which the body's solid waste is more liquid than usual and comes out of the body more often」如：diarrhoea and sickness 腹瀉噁心。

1）表示「激怒」，英文解釋為「If something irritates you, it keeps annoying you.」舉個🌰：

Their attitude irritates me.

他們的態度激怒了我。

2）表示「使發炎；使疼痛」，英文解釋為「to make a part of your body sore or painful」舉個🌰：

At first my contact lenses irritated my eyes.

起初一戴上隱形眼鏡，我的眼睛就疼。

lining /ˈlaɪnɪŋ/ 1）表示「襯層；內襯；襯裡」，英文解釋為「a layer of material used to cover the inside surface of sth」如：a pair of leather gloves with fur linings 一雙毛皮襯裡的皮手套。

2）表示「（胃等器官內部的）保護層」，英文解釋為「The lining of your stomach or other organ is a layer of tissue on the inside of it.」如：a bacterium that attacks the lining of the stomach 一種侵襲胃粘膜的細菌。

表示「（疾病的）症狀」，英文解釋為「any feeling of illness or physical or mental change that is caused by a particular disease」舉個🌰：

He's complaining of all the usual flu symptoms - a high temperature, headache, and so on.

他說他出現了所有常見的感冒症狀——高燒、頭痛等。

nausea /ˈnɔːzɪə, -sɪə/ 表示「噁心，嘔吐感」，英文解釋為「」舉個🌰：the feeling that you have when you think you are going to vomit (= bring food up from your stomach through your mouth)

類似的：

📍sickness表示「噁心；嘔吐」，英文解釋為「the feeling that you are about to bring up food from your stomach, or the act of bringing food up」。

vomit /ˈvɒm.ɪt/ 表示「嘔吐」，英文解釋為「to empty the contents of the stomach through the mouth」舉個🌰：

He came home drunk and vomited all over the kitchen floor.

他醉醺醺地回到家裡，在廚房裡吐了一地。

abdominal /æbˈdɒmɪnəl/ 表示「腹部的」，英文解釋為「Abdominal is used to describe something that is situated in the abdomen or forms part of it.」

表示「（通常指為改善健康而）停止食用（或飲用），戒除」，英文解釋為「to stop eating or drinking something, usually to improve your health」舉個🌰：

Since my heart attack, I've cut fatty foods out altogether.

自從得了心臟病，我就徹底不吃油膩的東西了。

2. They can cause acne and eczema. 它們會導致痤瘡和濕疹。

"Spicy foods may cause people to break out," Rebecca Tung, MD, a Florida-based dermatologist, told Allure. "When spicy food creates inflammation in the gut—from an upset stomach, acid reflux, or other symptoms—sometimes this inflammation can also be seen on the skin with flushing, acne breakout, or even eczema. If a particular food might be the culprit, dermatologists may suggest a person keep a food diary to pinpoint the offender."

「辛辣食物可能會導致人們出疹子，」佛羅里達州皮膚科醫生、醫學博士麗貝卡·董（Rebecca Tung）告訴《Allure》雜誌。「當辛辣食物在腸道產生炎症時——來自胃部不適、胃酸反流或其他症狀——有時這種炎症也會出現在皮膚上，伴有潮紅、痤瘡爆發，甚至濕疹。如果某種特定的食物可能是罪魁禍首，那麼皮膚科醫生可能會建議患者寫食物日記來確定到底是哪種食物導致的。」

acne /ˈæknɪ/ 不可數名詞，表示「痤瘡；粉刺」，英文解釋為「a skin condition, common among young people, that produces many pimples (= spots), especially on the face and neck」。

eczema /ˈɛksɪmə, ɪˈgziː-/ 表示「濕疹」，英文解釋為「Eczema is a skin condition that makes your skin itch and become sore, rough, and broken.」

dermatologist /ˌdɜːməˈtɒlədʒɪst/ 表示「皮膚病學家」，英文解釋為「Adermatologistis a doctor who specializes in the study of skin and the treatment of skin conditions and diseases.」

表示「發炎；炎症」，英文解釋為「An inflammation is a painful redness or swelling of a part of your body that results from an infection, injury, or illness.」

acid reflux /ˌæs.ɪd ˈriː.flʌks/ 表示「酸逆流」，英文解釋為「a condition in which stomach acid comes up from the stomach to the oesophagus and causes damage to the lining of the gastrointestinal tract」舉個🌰：

Mild cases of heartburn and acid reflux can be treated by simple lifestyle changes.

心口灼熱和酸水倒流這些症狀在不嚴重的時候都可以通過改變生活方式緩解。

flush /flʌʃ/ 作動詞，表示「發紅；臉紅」，英文解釋為「When you flush, you become red in the face, especially as a result of strong emotions, heat, or alcohol.」舉個🌰：

She flushed with pleasure as she accepted the prize.

她領獎時高興得紅光滿面。

作形容詞，表示「有錢的，富有的」，英文解釋為「having a lot of money」舉個🌰：

I've just been paid so I'm feeling flush.

我剛領了薪水，所以感覺挺有錢的。

表示「查明，準確地說出，描述（事實真相）」，英文解釋為「to discover or explain exactly the real facts about something or the cause of a problem」舉個🌰：

It’s difficult to pinpoint the cause of the accident.

事故原因很難查明。

表示「犯罪者；違法者；罪犯」，英文解釋為「An offender is a person who has committed a crime.」 還可以指「製造麻煩者; 造成麻煩之物」（a person or thing that does sth wrong）

3. They can cause insomnia. 它們會導致失眠。

If you love a meal rich in spice, you may wish to confine it to lunch. "Spicy and acidic foods can kill sleep efforts because they cause heartburn," say the health experts over at WebMD. "Heartburn is especially problematic for people with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), also known as acid reflux."

如果你喜歡富含辣味的食物，你最好控制在午餐時食用。「辛辣和酸性食物會扼殺睡意，因為它們會引起胃灼熱，」WebMD的健康專家說。「胃灼熱對患有胃食管反流病（GERD）的人來說尤其成問題，胃食管反流病也稱為胃酸反流。」

confine /kənˈfaɪn/ 表示「把…局限在，限制」，英文解釋為「to limit an activity, person, or problem in some way」舉個🌰：

Let's confine our discussion to the matter in question, please!

請把討論集中在正題上！

acidic /əˈsɪd.ɪk/ 1）表示「酸性的」，英文解釋為「containing acid」如：acidic soil 酸性土壤；

2）表示「很酸的」，英文解釋為「very sour」如：a slightly acidic taste 微酸的味道。

heartburn /ˈhɑːt.bɜːn/ 表示「（消化不良引起的）胃灼熱，燒心」，英文解釋為「a painful burning feeling in the lower chest caused by the stomach not digesting food correctly」

According to many leading health experts, eating spicy foods closer to your bedtime isn't advised because lying down can actually exacerbate the discomfort you feel.

根據許多頂尖健康專家的說法，不建議在睡前吃辛辣的食物，因為躺下實際上會加劇你的不適感。

exacerbate /ɪɡˈzæsəˌbeɪt/ 表示「使惡化；使加重」，英文解釋為「to make a bad situation worse」舉個🌰：

She didn't want to exacerbate the situation.

她不想使情況變得更糟。

🎬電影《殭屍肖恩》（Shaun of the Dead）中的台詞提到：And that will exacerbate things for all of us. 那會使我們事情惡化的。

4. They can affect your voice. 它們會影響你的聲音。

According to the health experts at The Mayo Clinic, eating too many spicy foods is one of the things that can irritate your throat. If you're someone who suffers from acid reflux—something commonly brought on by the consumption of spicy foods—it can lead to not only vomiting but also to soreness, swelling, and "a hoarse, muffled voice."

根據妙佑醫療國際（The Mayo Clinic）健康專家的說法，刺激喉嚨的原因之一就是吃太多辛辣食物。如果你患有胃酸反流——這通常是由吃辛辣食物引起的——它不僅會導致嘔吐，還會導致酸痛、腫脹且「聲音嘶啞、沉悶」。

soreness /ˈsɔː.nəs/ 表示「（因受傷、感染或使用過多而）疼痛」，英文解釋為「pain because of injury, infection, or too much use」舉個🌰：

She was complaining of terrible stiffness and soreness in her neck and shoulders.

她抱怨說脖子和肩膀非常僵硬和酸痛。

swell本身作動詞，表示「使增大; 增大；腫脹，腫，膨脹」，英文解釋為「to become larger and rounder than usual; to (cause to) increase in size or amount」舉個🌰：

Last year's profits were swelled by a fall in production costs.

去年因生產成本下降，利潤有所增加。

hoarse /hɔːs/ 表示「（嗓音）嘶啞的」，英文解釋為「(of a voice or a person) having a rough voice, often because of a sore throat or a cold」如：a hoarse voice 嘶啞的嗓音。

muffled /ˈmʌf.əld/ 表示「（聲音）變輕微（或低沉）」，英文解釋為「A muffled sound is quiet or not clear.」舉個🌰：

I could hear muffled voices next door but couldn't make out any words.

我聽到隔壁有人壓低聲音說話，可聽不清說什麼。

5. They can lead to blisters and rashes. 它們會導致水皰和皮疹。

According to Barry Green, Ph.D., of the John B. Pierce Laboratory in New Haven, Conn, simply touching some spicy foods can potentially have health risks. "Spicy foods excite the receptors in the skin that normally respond to heat," he explained to Scientific American. "Those receptors are pain fibers, technically known as polymodal nociceptors. They respond to temperature extremes and to intense mechanical stimulation, such as pinching and cutting; they also respond to certain chemical influences. The central nervous system can be confused or fooled when these pain fibers are stimulated by a chemical, like that in chili peppers, which triggers an ambiguous neural response."

康涅狄格州紐黑文市約翰·皮爾斯實驗室的巴里·格林（Barry Green）博士說，僅僅觸摸一些辛辣的食物就可能帶來健康風險。「辛辣的食物會刺激皮膚中通常對熱有反應的受體，」他向《科學美國人》（Scientific American）解釋道。「這些受體是疼痛纖維，學術上稱為多模態傷害感受器（polymodal nociceptors）。它們對極端溫度和強烈的機械刺激有反應，比如捏和切；它們也對某些化學影響有反應。當這些疼痛纖維被某種化學物質刺激時，比如辣椒中的化學物質，中樞神經系統可能會被混淆或愚弄，它會觸發一種模糊的神經反應。」

blister /ˈblɪs.tər/ 表示「（皮膚通常因摩擦或燙傷而起的）水皰」，英文解釋為「a painful swelling on the skin that contains liquid, caused usually by continuous rubbing, especially on your foot, or by burning」舉個🌰：

New shoes always give me blisters.

新鞋總會把我的腳磨出皰。

1）作形容詞，表示「輕率的」，英文解釋為「If someone israshor doesrashthings, they act without thinking carefully first, and therefore make mistakes or behave foolishly.」舉個🌰：

It would be rash to rely on such evidence.

依靠這樣的證據太輕率了。

2）作可數名詞，表示「皮疹，疹子」，英文解釋為「Arashis an area of red spots that appears on your skin when you are ill or have a bad reaction to something that you have eaten or touched.」

表示「感受器；受體」，英文解釋為「a nerve ending which receives information about changes in light, heat etc and causes the body to react in particular ways」。

美式 fiber 英式 fibre /ˈfaɪ.bər/ 表示「（人體組織的）纖維」，英文解釋為「one of various thread-like structures in the body, such as those found in muscle」如：muscle fibre(s) 肌肉纖維。

表示「捏，擰，掐，夾；捏住；夾緊」，英文解釋為「to hold sth tightly between the thumb and finger or between two things that are pressed together」舉個🌰：

Pinch the nostrils together between your thumb and finger to stop the bleeding.

用手指捏住鼻孔止血。

🎬電影《鋼鐵俠3》（Iron Man 3）中的台詞提到：Now, pinch my arm. I can take it. Pinch me. 現在 掐我一下 我受得了 掐吧。

1）作動詞，除了表示「發動；引起；觸發」，英文解釋為「to make sth happen suddenly」舉個🌰：

Nuts can trigger off a violent allergic reaction.

堅果可以引起嚴重的過敏反應。

2）作名詞，表示「扳機」，英文解釋為「Thetriggerof a gun is a small lever which you pull to fire it.」舉個🌰：

A man pointed a gun at them and pulled the trigger.

一個男人用槍指着他們，扣動了扳機。

類似的還有：

📍stir表示「激發，激起（強烈的感情）；引起（強烈的反應）」，英文解釋為「to make someone have a strong feeling or reaction」，舉個🌰：

The poem succeeds in stirring the imagination.

這首詩能夠激發起想象力。

📍provoke也表示「激起，引起」，英文解釋為「to cause a reaction or feeling, especially a sudden one」，如：provoke debate/discussion 激起辯論/討論。

📍spur 鼓動；激勵；鞭策；刺激；鼓舞」，英文解釋為「If one thing spurs you to do another, it encourages you to do it.」舉個🌰：

It's the money that spurs these fishermen to risk a long ocean journey in their flimsy boats.

是金錢驅使這些漁民駕駛單薄的小船冒險出海遠航。

🎬電影《龍之心3：巫師的詛咒》（Dragonheart 3: The Sorcerer's Curse）中的台詞提到：To spur the clans to war. 激勵部族發起戰爭。

ambiguous /æmˈbɪɡ.ju.əs/ 表示「含糊不清的；引起歧義的，模稜兩可的；不明確的」，英文解釋為「having or expressing more than one possible meaning, sometimes intentionally」舉個🌰：

Her reply to my question was somewhat ambiguous.

她對我的提問回答得有些含糊不清。

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