原文信息：
Consumer-centric decarbonization framework using Stackelberg game and Blockchain
原文鏈接：
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0306261921016226
Highlights
(1) A novel consumer-centric and negotiation-based framework to decarbonize power systems.
(2) A Blockchain based platform to integrate the exchanged information and controlling functions of the power system scheduling into data structures, nodes, and smart contracts of Blockchain networks.
(3) How Blockchain based platform can prevent cyber attacks is discussed.
(4) Case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework in the context of Great Britain power systems.
摘要
用戶側能源政策的制定對於降低電力系統運行成本和實現零排放至關重要。本文基於Stackelberg博弈論和區塊鏈提出以用戶為中心的電力系統減排框架。該框架通過博弈論模擬能源政策制定者、發電端、以及用戶側的相互協調交互。其中，上層能源給政策制定者針對發電行為和用電行為分別擬定碳價和減排補貼。受碳價和減排補貼的激勵，下層發電端調度發電機組以提升其發電利潤。同時，用戶側調整用電行為以降低電費。上下層通過迭代協商以達到博弈均衡。本研究通過基於區塊鏈的智能合約整合電力系統信息交互與控制，以確保自動化、安全、高效的系統運行。基於英國能源系統的算例分析驗證得出該框架可為用戶側節省9%的電費、激勵發電端實現45.13%的可再生能源發電、並減少至少40%的電力系統碳排放。
更多關於"Game theory"的研究請見：
https://www.sciencedirect.com/search?qs=game%20theory&pub=Applied%20Energy&cid=271429
Abstract
Energy policy is too often not designed for energy consumers in a low-cost and consumer-friendly manner. This paper proposes a novel Stackelberg game and Blockchain-based framework that enables consumer-centric decarbonization by automating iterative negotiations between policy makers and consumers or generators to reduce carbon emissions. This iterative negotiation is modeled as a Stackelberg game-theoretic problem, and securely facilitated by Blockchain technologies. The policy maker formulates carbon prices and monetary compensation rates to dynamically incentivize the carbon reduction, whereas consumers and generators schedule their power profiles to minimize bills and maximize profits of generation, respectively. The negotiating agreement is yielded by reaching a Stackelberg equilibrium. The exchanged information and controlling functions are realized by using smart contracts of Blockchain technologies. Case studies of GB power systems show that the proposed framework can incentivize 9% more bill savings for consumers and 45.13% more energy generation from renewable energy sources. As a consumer-centric decarbonization framework, it can at least reduce carbon emissions by 40%.
Keywords
Blockchain
Carbon reduction
Power system scheduling
Renewable energy
Smart contracts
Game theory
Fig. 1. Model architecture for energy scheduling and low carbon negotiation.
Fig. 2. Schematic illustration of how power system participants access to the
Blockchain networks.
Fig. 3. Carbon emissions tracing for generators/consumers over the scheduling process.
團隊介紹：
Dr WeiqiHua, 英國牛津大學，
Email: weiqi.hua@eng.ox.ac.uk
Dr Jing Jiang, 英國諾森比亞大學，
Email: jing.jiang@northumbria.ac.uk
Professor Hongjian Sun, 英國杜倫大學，
Email: hongjian.sun@durham.ac.uk
Dr Fei Teng, 英國帝國理工大學，
Email: f.teng@imperial.ac.uk
Professor Goran Strbac, 英國帝國理工大學，
Email: g.strbac@imperial.ac.uk
關於Applied Energy
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