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聽力|精讀|翻譯|詞組Culture | History in a shopping trolley
文化|小小購物車中的時代印記
英文部分選自經濟學人20221006文化版塊
Culture | History in a shopping trolley文化|小小購物車中的時代印記 Annie Ernaux wins the Nobel prize in literature for 2022法國作家安妮·埃爾諾榮獲2022年諾貝爾文學獎 In her books the French author transmutes the private and the ordinary into something profound在她的筆下，平凡的個體經驗升華為深遠的印記 Annie Ernaux is surely the only winner of the Nobel prize in literature to have written nostalgically—even ecstatically—about the London suburb of North Finchley. Her book of 2016, 「A Girl’s Story」, is typical of the French writer’s approach. As the author recounts formative late-teenage experiences in Normandy and as an au pair in London, she blends deeply personal memoir with social and historical insight. Decades later, she returns to the city for a literary event; while her fellow delegates consume culture, she takes the Tube and plunges 「back into my past life」. As she writes, 「the only thing that matters to me is to seize life and time, understand, and take pleasure.」 在所有的諾貝爾文學獎得主中，只有安妮·埃爾諾曾經滿懷欣愉與懷舊之情，書寫倫敦郊區北芬奇利的故事。她的作品《一個女孩的記憶》寫於2016年，筆觸帶有典型的個人色彩。作者個人的記憶與其對社會和歷史的洞見在書中完美交織。這本書講述了一位即將成年的少女在諾曼底生活以及在倫敦做互惠生的經歷。幾十年後，她回到這個城市參加文學活動；同伴們都忙着感受文化氛圍，她卻踏上地鐵，去「重溫往日的生活」。她寫道，「對我來說，唯一重要的就是把握生命和時間，去理解，去享受。」注釋：安妮·埃爾諾（法語：Annie Ernaux，生於1940年9月1日），婚前姓迪謝納（Duchesne），是一名法國作家和文學老師。她的文學作品大部分是自傳體，與社會學保持緊密關係。 Ms Ernaux’s forensic but lyrical French prose has been seizing life and time, and mining literary pleasure from even the most harrowing memories, for almost half a century. On October 6th the Swedish Academy chose her as its Nobel laureate for 2022 「for the courage and clinical acuity with which she uncovers the roots, estrangements and collective restraints of personal memory」. She is a prose poet of everyday hopes and fears; she probes how change and conflict affect the most 「ordinary」of folk, especially women of supposedly low status. Many of her books channel the life she has led not around Left Bank cafés and salons, but in Cergy-Pontoise, a new and unglamorous suburban town north-west of Paris. 近半個世紀以來，埃爾諾一直以「手術刀」般精準銳利而又不失柔情的手法創作法語散文，以文字感知生命和時間，在哪怕最痛苦的記憶中尋覓文學的歡愉。10月6日，瑞典學院授予她2022年諾貝爾文學獎，表彰其「以勇氣和敏銳的洞察力揭示了個人記憶的根源、隔閡和集體約束」。她在散文詩中記錄每日的希冀與恐懼；她探討變化和衝突如何影響那些最「普通」的民眾，尤其是地位低下的婦女。她的許多作品都有自己過去生活的影子，不過並不是在左岸咖啡館或沙龍，而是在巴黎西北部一個歷史不算悠久、平平無奇的郊區小鎮塞爾吉·蓬圖瓦茲（Cergy-Pontoise）。 Born in Normandy in 1940, Ms Ernaux’s parents ran a café-grocery. She studied in Rouen and Bordeaux, taught in secondary schools and then, for 23 years, worked for a French distance-learning university, cned. Her shelf of two-dozen books began with fiction (「Cleaned Out」in 1974) but soon moved into a form of creative autobiography in which rigorous, unsparing accounts of private life enter the flow of shared social experience. 1940年，埃爾諾出生在法國諾曼底，父母經營一家兼營咖啡館的雜貨店。她曾就讀於魯昂大學和波爾多大學，在多家中學任教，隨後23年都在法國國家遠程教育中心（CNED）工作。1974年，她出版首部小說《空衣櫥》，隨後寫作風格轉為一種創造性自傳體，至今共完成二十多部作品。在她的自傳體作品中，詳細記敘的個人生活與集體的共有記憶一同涌動。 「A Woman’s Story」(1987), a searing account of her mother’s life and death from Alzheimer’s, helped secure her reputation in France. The injustices of class, gender and background loom large in her work, but never as political abstractions. This is history felt on the body, not just processed by the intellect. 「I believe that desire, frustration and social and cultural inequality are reflected in the way we examine the contents of our shopping trolley or in the words we use to order a cut of beef,」she has said. 在《一個女人》（1987）中，她用傷感殘酷的語言再現了母親的一生，直到母親晚年因患老年痴呆去世。這部作品確立了她在法國文壇的地位。她的作品充斥着階層、性別和背景的不公，但這些都是故事人物切身的體會，而絕不是知識分子創造出來的政治抽象概念。她曾經說過，「在我看來，日常的一舉一動代表了我們的欲望、沮喪、社會和文化不平等，不管是查看購物車商品的方式抑或是在餐廳點牛排的用語。」 Desire, shame, sickness, loneliness and depression may brand her own and other lives. But, within and behind the most intimate feelings, she traces the marks of a whole culture and an epoch. This unique angle of vision broadened into 「The Years」(2008), the book that ranks as her masterpiece. Its autobiographical trajectory widens into a collective psycho-social history of France between the 1940s and the turn of the millennium. Decades, governments and attitudes pass, but adverts, catchphrases and fads lodge in the collective memory as much as big ideas or great events. Translated by Alison Strayer, it won the Warwick Prize for Women in Translation in 2019 (of which your correspondent was a judge): to date, one of Ms Ernaux’s few honours in the Anglosphere. In France, her many awards include the Prix de la langue française and the Prix Marguerite-Yourcenar, both for the entire body of her work. 欲望、羞恥、疾病、孤獨和抑鬱，這些是留在她和同時代人生命中的烙印。但是，在這些屬於個體的情緒背後，她追溯到了整個文化和時代的印記。這種獨特的視角在其代表作《悠悠歲月》（2008）中進一步深化。這本書由自己及社會，創造出「無人稱自傳」新體裁，記錄自20世紀40年代至千禧之交的法國集體社會心理史。時過境遷，政府部門和各方態度早已不再，但各種廣告、口號和時尚留在集體記憶中的地位不亞於各種偉大思想和大事件。該書由艾莉森·L·斯特拉爾（AlisonL.Strayer）翻譯，於2019年獲得英國沃里克大學「女性譯著獎」（本欄作者擔任該獎評委之一）。迄今為止，這是埃爾諾在英語文化圈獲得的少數榮譽之一。在法國，她曾斬獲多個獎項，包括法蘭西語言獎和瑪格麗特·尤瑟納爾獎，這兩項獎均表彰了她的全部作品。 Much like those of Abdulrazak Gurnah, last year’s Nobel laureate, and Patrick Modiano, the winner in 2014, Ms Ernaux’s books have steadily accumulated into a formidable oeuvre, rather than appeared as rare starbursts at long intervals. Nobel picks may also send out a veiled topical message, as this one does. At a moment when everyday existence in the supposedly affluent West once again feels stressful and precarious, the Academy has garlanded a humble chronicler of the perils, ordeals and satisfactions of daily routine. In Ms Ernaux’s hands, the supermarket trolley may become a vehicle of history. Her writing elevates those humdrum, embarrassing or cringeworthy experiences that 「high」literature spurns in distaste. It draws from them beauty, dignity and (sometimes) tragedy. After all, as 「A Girl’s Story」insists: 「What counts is not the things that happen, but what we do with them.」 與去年諾貝爾文學獎得主阿布拉扎克·古納（Abdulrazak Gurnah）和2014年得主帕特里克·莫迪亞諾（Patrick Modiano）一樣，埃爾諾的作品已穩定累積、佳作輩出，而不是長時沉寂、偶爾閃耀。同樣，本次諾爾貝獎的評選結果可能釋放出了隱秘的信號。當西方世界的人們理應日常衣食無憂，卻面臨巨大壓力、甚至朝不保夕時，瑞典學院將今年的文學桂冠授予了一位平凡的記錄者，她在書中記錄平凡生活中的危險、磨難和滿足。在埃爾諾的筆下，超市的小小購物車搖身一變，成為歷史的載體。她的寫作給那些枯燥甚至令人難堪的人生體驗增添了新的色彩。「高級」文學所不齒的內容，她卻發現了其中的美麗、尊嚴，有時也有悲劇。正如《一個女孩的記憶》中所述，「重要的不是發生了什麼，而是我們怎麼應對。」 翻譯組：Jack Jan，實踐出真知Humi，在躺平、側臥和睡夢中尋找詩和遠方Des，願你半生追逐便士，歸來依舊心有月光 校對組：Alison, 「貪玩又自由的風箏」Lora，一隻庸俗的騾，一隻脫離了高級趣味的騾
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