鑽石舞台

近日，有用戶發現，騰訊會議中此前「限免測試」的部分功能開始收費，包括實時轉寫、自動會議紀要、設置聯席主持人、調高同時開啟攝像頭人數。據了解，這部分功能不按次收費，最低只能包月，每月30元。

想起了一個段子：

- 你在哪兒讀的大學？

- 騰訊會議。

借（cèng）此（gè）機（rè）會（diǎn），我們來看看，有研究表明線上學習使貧困兒童更加落後。

無注釋原文：

Virtual learning set poor children even further behind, study shows

From: The Washington Post

May 9, 2022

Students in high-poverty schools paid a far higher price for virtual learning than did their peers in low-poverty schools, leaving vulnerable students even further behind than when the pandemic started, according to a working paper published last week by the National Bureau of Economic Research. The authors focused on the costs of virtual learning and warned of dire consequences from not addressing the gaps.

「If the achievement losses become permanent,」 the study warns, 「there will be major implications for future earnings, racial equity and income inequality, especially in states where remote instruction was common.」

One crucial finding showed that the gaps were not as severe in districts that held more in-person schooling during the pandemic.

「The most important results in our study was that remote instruction had very disparate impacts in high-poverty and low- poverty schools,」 said Thomas Kane, an education and economics professor at Harvard and one of the co-authors of the paper. Kane said it’s not clear why students in high-poverty schools lost so much more ground but said it’s 「likely reflecting difference in access to broadband access at home, devices at home, study space at home.」

Students in poverty suffered a double-whammy: They stood to lose the most from virtual learning — and they, on average, spent more time learning remotely. High-poverty schools had on average 5.5 more weeks of remote instruction than mid- and low-poverty schools, the study found. Black and Latino students were also more likely to learn online.

The paper is likely to fuel the debate over whether keeping students out of classrooms last school year was prudent. Many big city districts, like those in Los Angeles and D.C., remained closed until the second half of the school year or operated in hybrid mode for most of the school year, choosing to be more cautious in the face of pandemic uncertainty.

This happened in part because of the pressure from teacher unions, which voiced reservations about returning to the classroom. But many families of color — whose communities were hardest-hit by the pandemic — also chose to keep their children home, expressing more fears about safety than White parents.

In many GOP-led states, governors forced school districts to reopen. While gaps between students in high- and low-poverty schools persist in districts that remained open for the entire 2020-2021 school year, they did not grow during the pandemic.

The nation’s public school system has long been beset by inequality, which is reflected in everything from the buildings students learn in to the number of books in the library to the level of experience of the teachers in front of the classrooms. Students of color and those in poverty tend to attend schools that have fewer resources than their affluent White peers, compounding and perpetuating other inequalities. In 2018, a study by the Education Trust, a nonprofit that focuses on school equity issues, found that Black, Latino and Native American students receive 13 percent less funding than White students.

But the pandemic has highlighted educational inequality and created a new sense of urgency to address it. A year ago, the American Rescue Plan provided $190 billion for schools, with much of the funding targeted at high-poverty schools.

「The pandemic shed a light on a situation that has existed for a very long time, which is that bright and eager Black and Latino students and students from low-income communities … who want and deserve amazing educational opportunities aren’t getting them,」 said Allison Socol of the Education Trust.

She said she hopes this paper — and the pandemic — 「will be a call to action and will light a fire under school leaders and policymakers and the public to do what has been needed for a long time.」

Both she and Kane emphasized the importance of schools directing the windfall of federal money from the American Rescue Plan to proven academic interventions, such as tutoring or extending the school year. Districts are required to spend only 20 percent of the funds to address learning loss, but they said school leaders should be allocating far more.

「I’m most concerned the catch-up plans that districts are working on are just nowhere near the magnitude to make up for these losses,」 Kane said.

- ◆ -

註：中文文本為機器翻譯僅供參考，並非一一對應

含注釋全文：

Virtual learning set poor children even further behind, study shows

From: The Washington Post

May 9, 2022

Students in high-poverty schools paid a far higher price for virtual learning than did their peers in low-poverty schools, leaving vulnerable students even further behind than when the pandemic started, according to a working paper published last week by the National Bureau of Economic Research. The authors focused on the costs of virtual learning and warned of dire consequences from not addressing the gaps.

美國全國經濟研究所上周發表的一篇研究報告表明，與低貧困學校的同齡人相比，高貧困學校的學生為線上學習付出的代價要高得多，這使得弱勢學生比疫情開始時更加落後。作者們關注的是線上學習的成本，並警告說，不解決差距會帶來可怕的後果。

你是否認為十幾歲的女孩子不如同年齡的男孩子自信？

表示「易受傷的；易受影響（或攻擊）的；脆弱的」，英文解釋為「able to be easily physically, emotionally, or mentally hurt, influenced, or attacked」舉個🌰：

I felt very vulnerable, standing there without any clothes on.

一絲不掛地站在那兒，我感覺自己不堪一擊。

bureau /ˈbjʊərəʊ/ 1）表示「（政府部門的）局，處，科」，英文解釋為「a government organization」如：the Federal Bureau of Investigation 聯邦調查局。

2）表示「（搜集或提供信息的）辦事處，辦公室，機構」，英文解釋為「an organization or a business that collects or provides information」舉個🌰：Her disappearance was reported to the police department's Missing Persons Bureau.

她的失蹤被報到了警察局的失蹤人口調查處。

表示「極其嚴重的；危急的」，英文解釋為「very serious」，如：living in dire poverty 生活赤貧，dire warnings/threats 嚴重的警告/威脅，舉個🌰：

Such action may have dire consequences.

這種行為可能產生嚴重後果。

「If the achievement losses become permanent,」 the study warns, 「there will be major implications for future earnings, racial equity and income inequality, especially in states where remote instruction was common.」

「如果成績落後成為永久性的，」該研究警告說，「將對未來薪金、種族平等和收入不平等產生重大影響，尤其是在遠程教學很普遍的州。」

1）表示「可能的影響（或作用、結果）」，英文解釋為「a possible effect or result of an action or a decision」舉個🌰：

The development of the site will have implications for the surrounding countryside.

這個地點的開發將會影響周圍的鄉村。

2）表示「含意；暗指，暗示」，英文解釋為「an occasion when you seem to suggest something without saying it directly」舉個🌰：

From what she said, the implication was that they were splitting up.

她的話中暗示他們將要分手。

equity /ˈek.wɪ.ti/ 1）表示「（公司的）股本，股票值；股票」，英文解釋為「the value of a company, divided into many equal parts owned by the shareholders, or one of the equal parts into which the value of a company is divided」舉個🌰：

He sold his equity in the company last year.

他去年賣掉了這家公司的股票。

2）表示「公平；公正」，英文解釋為「the situation in which everyone is treated fairly and equally」如：a society based on equity and social justice 建立在公平公正和社會正義基礎之上的社會。

📍private equity (PE) 私募股權；私人股本。據百度百科介紹，PE也就是私募股權投資，從投資方式角度看，是指通過私募形式對私有企業，即非上市企業進行的權益性投資，在交易實施過程中附帶考慮了將來的退出機制，即通過上市、併購或管理層回購等方式，出售持股獲利。

One crucial finding showed that the gaps were not as severe in districts that held more in-person schooling during the pandemic.

一項關鍵發現表明，在疫情期間進行線下教學更多的地區，差距並不嚴重。

「The most important results in our study was that remote instruction had very disparate impacts in high-poverty and low- poverty schools,」 said Thomas Kane, an education and economics professor at Harvard and one of the co-authors of the paper. Kane said it’s not clear why students in high-poverty schools lost so much more ground but said it’s 「likely reflecting difference in access to broadband access at home, devices at home, study space at home.」

「我們研究中最重要的結果是，遠程教學在高貧困和低貧困學校的影響非常不同，」哈佛大學教育和經濟學教授、該研究報告的共同作者之一托馬斯·凱恩（Thomas Kane）說。凱恩說，還不清楚為什麼對高貧困學校的學生如此不利，但他說，這「可能反映了家庭寬帶接入、家庭設備和家庭學習空間的不同。」

disparate /ˈdɪs.pər.ət/ 表示「截然不同的；迥然不同的，不相干的」，英文解釋為「consisting of things or people that are very different and not related to each other」舉個🌰：

Scientists are trying to pull together disparate ideas in astronomy.

科學家正試圖把天文學界各種迥然不同的觀點匯集起來。

表示「失寵；失去支持；處於不利的地位；退卻」，英文解釋為「to become less popular or to be given less support; to go into a position where you are less strong, advanced, or successful than someone else」

broadband /ˈbrɔːd.bænd/ 表示「寬帶」，英文解釋為「a system that makes it possible for many messages or large amounts of information to be sent at the same time and very quickly between computers or other electronic devices」舉個🌰：

Internet connection via broadband offers many advantages.

寬帶互聯網有許多優點。

Students in poverty suffered a double-whammy: They stood to lose the most from virtual learning — and they, on average, spent more time learning remotely. High-poverty schools had on average 5.5 more weeks of remote instruction than mid- and low-poverty schools, the study found. Black and Latino students were also more likely to learn online.

貧困學生遭受了雙重打擊：他們在線上學習中損失最大——平均而言，他們花在遠程學習上的時間更多。研究發現，高貧困學校的遠程教學時間平均比中低貧困學校的多5.5周。黑人和拉丁裔學生也更有可能進行線上學習。

whammy /ˈwæmɪ/本義表示「晦氣，霉運；具有負面影響地大情；劇烈地打擊」，英文解釋為「a magical spell or power that causes someone to have a difficult or unpleasant time」舉個🌰：

He put the whammy on me.

他帶給我一身晦氣。

📍此處的double whammy可以理解為「禍不單行；雙重災難，雙重打擊」，英文解釋為「a situation when two unpleasant things happen at almost the same time」舉個🌰：

Farmers have faced the double whammy of a rising dollar and falling agricultural prices.

Latino /ˌlætˈiː.nəʊ/ 表示「（生活在美國的）拉丁美洲人，拉丁美洲後裔」，英文解釋為「a person who lives in the US and who comes from, or whose family comes from, Latin America」

The paper is likely to fuel the debate over whether keeping students out of classrooms last school year was prudent. Many big city districts, like those in Los Angeles and D.C., remained closed until the second half of the school year or operated in hybrid mode for most of the school year, choosing to be more cautious in the face of pandemic uncertainty.

該研究報告可能會引發關於上一學年讓學生離開教室是否明智的爭論。許多大城市的學區，如洛杉磯和華盛頓特區的學區，在下半學年前仍處於關閉狀態，或者在整個學年的大部分時間裡以混合模式運作，在面對疫情的不確定性時選擇了更加謹慎的態度。

表示「加劇；增加；加強；刺激；激起」，英文解釋為「To fuel a situation means to make it become worse or more intense.」如：to fuel speculation/rumours/fears 引起猜測/謠傳/恐懼，舉個🌰：

The result will inevitably fuel speculation about his future.

該結果將不可避免地加劇人們對他的前途的猜測。

prudent /ˈpruː.dənt/ 表示「謹慎的，慎重的；精明的」，英文解釋為「careful and avoiding risks」舉個🌰：

It's always prudent to read a contract carefully before signing it.

簽合同前先好好看一下，這樣做永遠都是明智的。

表示「（兩種完全不同的東西的）混合」，英文解釋為「something that is a mixture of two very different things」舉個🌰：

His work is an interesting hybrid of popular and classical music.

他的作品是經典與流行音樂有趣的混合。

This happened in part because of the pressure from teacher unions, which voiced reservations about returning to the classroom. But many families of color — whose communities were hardest-hit by the pandemic — also chose to keep their children home, expressing more fears about safety than White parents.

這在一定程度上是因為來自教師工會的壓力，他們對重返課堂持保留意見。但是許多有色人種家庭——他們的社區受疫情影響最大——也選擇讓他們的孩子留在家裡，比白人父母對安全問題更加擔憂。

表示「表示，表達，吐露（感情或意見）」，英文解釋為「to tell people your feelings or opinions about sth」舉個🌰：

A number of parents havevoiced concernabout their children's safety.

一些家長對他們子女的安全表示了擔心。

reservation /ˌrez.əˈveɪ.ʃən/ 1）表示「存疑；保留意見；異議」，英文解釋為「a doubt or feeling of not being able to agree with or accept something completely」舉個🌰：

Workers and employees shared deep reservations about the wisdom of the plan.

對於該規劃是否明智，工人和僱主都非常懷疑。

2）表示「預訂；預約」，英文解釋為「an arrangement in which something such as a seat on an aircraft or a table at a restaurant is kept for you」

3）表示「野生動物保護區；自然保護區；禁獵區」，英文解釋為「an area of land in which wild animals are protected」舉個🌰：

He's the chief warden of a big-game reservation.

他是一個大型動物保護區的管理主任。

person of colour / people of colour / POC 表示「非白色人種，有色人種」，英文解釋為「used to refer to a person who is/people who are not racially white」

In many GOP-led states, governors forced school districts to reopen. While gaps between students in high- and low-poverty schools persist in districts that remained open for the entire 2020-2021 school year, they did not grow during the pandemic.

在許多共和黨領導的州，州長強迫學區重新開放。儘管在整個2020-2021學年保持開放的地區，高貧困和低貧困學校的學生之間的差距仍然存在，但在疫情期間並沒有擴大。

GOP, 老大黨，指美國共和黨，the Grand Old Party的縮寫。共和黨（Republican Party）與民主黨（Democratic Party）並列為美國當代的兩大主要政黨。

The nation’s public school system has long been beset by inequality, which is reflected in everything from the buildings students learn in to the number of books in the library to the level of experience of the teachers in front of the classrooms. Students of color and those in poverty tend to attend schools that have fewer resources than their affluent White peers, compounding and perpetuating other inequalities. In 2018, a study by the Education Trust, a nonprofit that focuses on school equity issues, found that Black, Latino and Native American students receive 13 percent less funding than White students.

美國公立學校系統長期以來一直受到不平等的困擾，這反映在從學生學習的教學樓到圖書館的書籍數量，再到教室前教師的經驗水平等方方面面。有色人種和貧困學生往往在資源比富裕白人同齡人少的學校上學，持續加劇了其他不平等現象。2018年，專注於學校公平問題的非營利組織教育信託基金（Education Trust）的一項研究發現，黑人、拉丁裔和美洲土著學生獲得的資助比白人學生少13%。

beset /bɪˈset/ 表示「困擾的；充滿…困難的」，英文解釋為「having a lot of trouble with something, or having to deal with a lot of something that causes problems」舉個🌰：

With the amount of traffic nowadays, even a trip across town is beset by/with dangers.

目前交通如此擁擠，即使穿城而行也充滿了危險。

表示「富裕的；富足的」，英文解釋為「having a lot of money or owning a lot of things」如：affluent nations 富有國家。

2）表示「（圍起來的）場地，樓群，院落」，英文解釋為「an area surrounded by fences or walls that contains a group of buildings」舉個🌰：

They marched into the compound.

他們進入大院。

作動詞，表示「使加重，使加劇，使惡化」，英文解釋為「to make a problem or difficult situation worse」舉個🌰：

Her terror was compounded by the feeling that she was being watched.

她有種被人監視的感覺，這加劇了她的恐懼感。

perpetuate /pəˈpɛtjʊˌeɪt/ 表示「使永久化；使持久化；使持續」，英文解釋為「to make sth such as a bad situation, a belief, etc. continue for a long time」如：to perpetuate injustice 持續造成不公正。

📺美劇《我為喜劇狂》（30 Rock）第二季中的台詞提到文中的兩個詞，perpetuate和stereotype：I don't want to perpetuate any black stereotypes. 字面意思：我不想加深任何黑人的成見；字幕組處理為：我不想聽這些陳詞濫調。

⚠️區分：perpetrate /ˈpɜːpətreɪt/ 表示「犯（罪）；做（錯事）；干（壞事）」（to commit a crime or do sth wrong or evil），如：to perpetrate a crime/fraud 犯罪/行騙。

📍 perpetrator /ˈpɜːpətreɪtə(r)/表人，指的是「作惡者；犯罪者」，英文解釋為「someone who does something morally wrong or illegal」。

📺美劇《疑犯追蹤》（Person of Interest）的片頭經典台詞就有一句：But victim or perpetrator, if your number is up, we'll find you.（但無論是受害人還是行兇者,只要你的號碼被列出來，我們就會找到你。）

But the pandemic has highlighted educational inequality and created a new sense of urgency to address it. A year ago, the American Rescue Plan provided $190 billion for schools, with much of the funding targeted at high-poverty schools.

但疫情突顯了教育不平等，並給解決這一問題帶來了新的緊迫感。一年前，美國救援計劃為學校提供了1900億美元，其中大部分資金針對高度貧困的學校。

表示「使引起注意，強調」，英文解釋為「to attract attention to or emphasize something important」舉個🌰：

The report highlights the need for improved safety.

那份報告強調了加大安全力度的重要性。

「The pandemic shed a light on a situation that has existed for a very long time, which is that bright and eager Black and Latino students and students from low-income communities … who want and deserve amazing educational opportunities aren’t getting them,」 said Allison Socol of the Education Trust.

「這場疫情揭示了一種存在已久的情況，那就是聰明而熱切的黑人和拉丁裔學生以及來自低收入社區的學生…他們想要並值得獲得良好的教育機會，卻沒有得到這些機會，」教育信託基金的艾莉森·索科爾（Allison Socol）說。

cast/shed/throw light on sth 表示「使（問題等）較容易理解；為…提供解釋；使…較容易理解；闡明；使…清楚地顯出」，英文解釋為「to make a problem, etc. easier to understand」舉個🌰：

As an economist, he was able to shed some light on the problem.

作為經濟學家，他能解釋這個問題。

She said she hopes this paper — and the pandemic — 「will be a call to action and will light a fire under school leaders and policymakers and the public to do what has been needed for a long time.」

她說，她希望這篇研究報告——以及這場疫情——「將成為行動的號召，並將激勵學校領導者、決策者和公眾做長期以來需要做的事情。」

表示「使（某人）加快，加強（尤指在過去行動遲緩的情況下）」，英文解釋為「to make someone act quickly or forcefully, especially someone who has not been doing enough before」舉個🌰：

The coach tried to light a fire under the team in his halftime speech.

教練試圖在半場休息時鼓勵隊員們振奮起來。

Both she and Kane emphasized the importance of schools directing the windfall of federal money from the American Rescue Plan to proven academic interventions, such as tutoring or extending the school year. Districts are required to spend only 20 percent of the funds to address learning loss, but they said school leaders should be allocating far more.

她和凱恩都強調了學校將美國救援計劃中的大量聯邦資金用於行之有效的學術干預措施（如輔導或延長學年）的重要性。各學區被要求只將20%的資金用於解決學習損失問題，但他們表示，學校領導應該分配更多的資金。

表示「意外之財；意外獲得的東西」，英文解釋為「an amount of money that you win or receive from someone unexpectedly」舉個🌰：

This has created a windfall on Wall Street.

這讓華爾街大賺意外之財。

表示「干涉，介入；（由家庭成員、朋友或醫護人員共同開會勸導有酗酒或毒癮問題者接受現實並開始治療的）干預活動」，英文解釋為「Intervention is the act of intervening in a situation. A meeting at which someone with a drug or alcohol problem is asked by family members, friends, or health workers to accept the fact that they have a problem and is encouraged to get treatment」

Broadly speaking, learning loss describes the loss of knowledge and skills that students experience when they’re not in school. It’s the idea that learning decays over time if students don’t engage with it regularly.

📍疫情發生以後，學校關閉、學時縮減加上低效的遠程線上課程而引發的、值得關注的一個話題：「學習損失」（Learning Loss）。

「I’m most concerned the catch-up plans that districts are working on are just nowhere near the magnitude to make up for these losses,」 Kane said.

凱恩說：「我最擔心的是，各學區正在進行的追趕計劃遠遠沒有達到彌補這些損失的程度。」

nowhere near 表示「（距離、時間、數量或質量）遠遠沒有，遠非」，英文解釋為「not close in distance, time, amount, or quality」舉個🌰：

The house was nowhere near the beach.

這座房子離海邊很遠。

magnitude /ˈmæɡ.nɪ.tʃuːd/ 1）表示「（尺寸、規模、重要性等）大的程度；巨大；重大，重要性」，英文解釋為「the large size or importance of something」舉個🌰：

They don't seem to grasp the magnitude of the problem.

他們似乎未領會問題的重要性。

2）表示「震級」（the size of an earthquake）。

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