鑽石舞台

I want to address the issue of compassion. Compassion has many faces. Some of them are fierce. some of them are wrathful. some of them are tender. some of them are wise. A line that the Dalai Lama once said, he said,"Love and compassion are necessities. They are not luxuries. Without them, humanity cannot survive."

And I would suggest, it is not only humanity that won't survive, but it is all species on the planet, as we've heard today.

我想談談同情心的問題。慈悲心有很多形態。有些是激烈的。有些是憤怒的。有些是溫和的。有些是智慧的。達賴喇嘛曾經說過一句話，他說，「愛與慈悲是必需品。它們不是奢侈品。沒有它們，人性無法留存。」我想說的是，不僅人性難以保全，我們今天所知道的地球上所有的物種都是。

It is the big cats, and it's the plankton.Two weeks ago, I was in Bangalore in India.I was so privileged to be able to teach in a hospice on the outskirts of Bangalore.And early in the morning, I went into the wardIn that hospice, there were 31 men and women who were actively dying.And I walked up to the bedside of an old woman who was breathing very rapidly,fragile,obviously in the latter phase of active dying.

不論是大型貓科動物，還是浮游生物。兩周前，我在印度的班加羅爾。我很榮幸地在班加羅爾郊區的一個安養院教授臨終關懷護理。一大早，我就走進了病房。在那家安養院，有31個人處在瀕死狀態。我走到一個老年婦女的床前，她的呼吸非常急促而微弱，很明顯，她處於瀕死的末期。

I looked into her face.I looked into the face of her son sitting next to her, and his face was just riven with grief and confusion.And I remembered a line from the Mahabharata, the great Indian epic:"What is the most wondrous thing in the world, Yudhisthira?"And Yudhisthira replied,"The most wondrous thing in the world is that all around us people can be dying and we don't realize it can happen to us."

我看着她的臉。看着坐在她旁邊她兒子的臉，他的臉溢滿了悲傷和困惑。我記得偉大的印度史詩「摩訶婆羅多」里有這麼一段話：「尤帝士提爾，什麼是這世上最美妙的事情？」尤帝士提爾答道，「世上最美妙的事情就是我們所有人都將死去，而我們對此卻一無所知。」

I looked up.Tending those 31 dying people were young women from villages around Bangalore.I looked into the face of one of these women,and I saw in her face the strength that arises when natural compassion is really present.I watched her hands as she bathed an old man.My gaze went to another young woman as she wiped the face of another dying person.And it reminded me of something that I had just been present for.

我仰起頭。照顧這31個瀕死者的是來自班加羅爾周邊村子的年輕女性。我看着其中一個女人的臉，在她們的臉上，我看到慈悲顯現時升起的力量。我看着她給一位老人洗澡時的手。我轉頭望向另一個年輕女子，她在擦拭另一位臨死的人的臉。這讓我想起我剛剛演講提到的那些內容。

Every year or so, I have the privilege of taking clinicians into the Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau.And we run clinics in these very remote regions where there's no medical care whatsoever.And on the first day at Simikot in Humla, far west of Nepal, the most impoverished region of Nepal,an old man came in clutching a bundle of rags.And he walked in, and somebody said something to him,we realized he was deaf, and we looked into the rags, and there was this pair of eyes.

差不多每一年，我由此榮幸身負使命進入喜馬拉雅地區和西藏高原。我們在每一個遙遠的區域開設診所，那裡沒有任何醫療服務。我們在胡姆拉的錫米科特的頭一天，在尼泊爾的最西端，全國最貧困的地區，一個抱着一堆破爛布片的老人走進來。他走了進來，有人對他說了些什麼，我們意識到他耳聾，我們看到那堆布片裡頭露出一雙眼睛來。

The rags were unwrapped from a little girl whose body was massively burned.Again, the eyes and hands of Avalokiteshvara.It was the young women, the health aids, who cleaned the wounds of this baby and dressed the wounds.I know those hands and eyes; they touched me as well.They touched me at that time.They have touched me throughout my 68 years.They touched me when I was four and I lost my eyesight and was partially paralyzed.

打開裹着的布片，是一個重度燒傷的女孩。再一次，觀世音的眼睛和慈悲之手顯現。正是這些年輕的婦女，醫療輔助人員，清理了這個嬰兒的傷口，並包紮好。我認識那些手和眼睛，它們也曾經撫慰過我。它們在過去撫慰過我。在我68年生命中撫慰了我。在我四歲失去視力幾乎癱瘓的時候，它們撫慰了我。

And my family brought in a woman whose mother had been a slave to take care of me.And that woman did not have sentimental compassion.She had phenomenal strength.And it was really her strength, I believe, that became the kind of mudra and imprimatur that has been a guiding light in my life.So we can ask: What is compassion comprised of?And there are various facets.

And there's referential and non-referential compassion.But first, compassion is comprised of that capacity to see clearly into the nature of suffering.

我的家人帶來一個女人照顧我，她的母親曾經是個奴隸。這個女人並沒有感性的慈悲心。她有的是非凡的力量。我相信，是她的力量成為一種啟發與指引，是我生命中的指明燈。

我們問道：慈悲是什麼構成的？答案包含很多方面。有指代性的和非指代性的。但首先，慈悲是由看清苦難本質的能力組成的。

It is that ability to really stand strong and to recognize also that I'm not separate from this suffering.But that is not enough, because compassion, which activates the motor cortex, means that we aspire,we actually aspire to transform suffering.And if we're so blessed, we engage in activities that transform suffering.But compassion has another component, and that component is really essential.That component is that we cannot be attached to outcome.

這種能力讓我們保持堅強，並讓我們意識到，我是這苦難的一部分。但這不夠，因為慈悲心激發運動皮質層，也就是說我們受到激勵，被激勵着去化解苦難。如果我們足夠幸運的話，我們從事的活動能化解苦難。但是同情心還有另一個組成部分，而這個組成部分是必不可少的。這就是，我們不應該耽於結果。

Now I worked with dying people for over 40 years.I had the privilege of working on death row in a maximum security for six years.And I realized so clearly in bringing my own life experience, from working with dying people and training caregivers,that any attachment to outcome would distort deeply my own capacity to be fully present to the whole catastrophe.And when I worked in the prison system, it was so clear to me, this:

如今，我已為這些處於瀕死狀態的人們工作了40餘年。我曾有幸，在最大限度安全保證下為死刑犯工作了六個年頭。在我的個人生活經歷中，為臨死之人工作以及培訓護理者，任何耽於結果的感情，只會深深影響我自己面對大苦難的能力。在我為監獄系統工作時，我很清楚：

that many of us in this room, and almost all of the men that I worked with on death row,the seeds of their own compassion had never been watered.That compassion is actually an inherent human quality.It is there within every human being.But the conditions for compassion to be activated, to be aroused, are particular conditions.I had that condition, to a certain extent, from my own childhood illness.

這個屋子裡很多人，還有幾乎所有與我一起為死刑犯共事過的人，他們的慈悲之火種從未被撲滅。這種慈悲實際上是人類與生俱來的品質。它存在於每個人的內心。但慈悲被觸發，被鼓勵的條件都是特殊情況。某種程度上，我是深深受幼時疾患的影響。

Eve Ensler, whom you'll hear later,has had that condition activated amazingly in her through the various waters of suffering that she has been through.And what is fascinating is that compassion has enemies, and those enemies are things like pity, moral outrage, fear.And you know, we have a society, a world, that is paralyzed by fear.And in that paralysis, of course, our capacity for compassion is also paralyzed.

伊娃･恩斯勒，稍後你們會聽到她演講，受她所經歷的各種苦難影響，這種狀況在她身上被驚人地激發了。神奇的是，慈悲是有敵人的，那些敵人是憐憫、道德、公憤，恐懼。你知道，我們的社會，這個世界已經在恐懼中麻痹。當然在這麻痹之中，我們的慈悲心也受到麻痹。

The very word terror is global.The very feeling of terror is global.So our work, in a certain way, is to address this imago, this kind of archetype that has pervaded the psyche of our entire globe.Now we know from neuroscience that compassion has some very extraordinary qualities.For example: A person who is cultivating compassion, when they are in the presence of suffering,they feel that suffering a lot more than many other people do.

恐怖是全球性的。這種恐懼感是全球性的。某種程度上我們的工作是要闡明這種意象，這種原型 ，這已經毒害了整個世界的心靈。我們從神經科學得知，慈悲有些非凡的特性。比如：一個人正在修習慈悲，當他們身處苦難存在之處，他們覺得比別人受難更多。

However, they return to baseline a lot sooner.This is called resilience.Many of us think that compassion drains us, but I promise you it is something that truly enlivens us.Another thing about compassion is that it really enhances what's called neural integration.It hooks up all parts of the brain.Another, which has been discovered by various researchers at Emory and at Davis and so on,is that compassion enhances our immune system.

然而，他們能很快恢復常態。這就是所謂的彈性。很多人認為慈悲會讓自己枯竭，但我保證它是真正啟發我們的東西。另一個特性是它可以增強神經整合。它使腦部的每個部分都聯接起來。另外，埃默里和戴維斯和其他一些研究者發現，慈悲會增強免疫力。

Hey, we live in a very noxious world.Most of us are shrinking in the face of psycho-social and physical poisons, of the toxins of our world.But compassion, the generation of compassion, actually mobilizes our immunity.You know, if compassion is so good for us, I have a question.Why don't we train our children in compassion?If compassion is so good for us,why don't we train our health care providers in compassion so that they can do what they're supposed to do,which is to really transform suffering?

嗨，我們生活在充滿毒素的世界。我們很多人經歷這個世界上的心理社會性的或肉體上的毒害，於是漸漸凋零。但慈悲，慈悲的產物卻可以促進免疫能力。你知道，如果慈悲是有益的，我有個問題。我有個問題，為什麼我們不以慈悲教育我們的後代？如果慈悲有益，為什麼我們不以慈悲培訓保健服務的提供者，這樣他們各盡其職去真正化解痛苦？

And if compassion is so good for us, why don't we vote on compassion?Why don't we vote for people in our government based on compassion, so that we can have a more caring world?In Buddhism, we say,"it takes a strong back and a soft front."It takes tremendous strength of the back to uphold yourself in the midst of conditions.And that is the mental quality of equanimity.

如果慈悲有益，為什麼我們不為慈悲投上一票？為什麼我們不投票給政府里以慈悲為政的人，這樣我們可以有一個更關愛的世界。佛教里，我們說，「強健於背而懷柔於胸。」強大的力量才能在各種狀況下支撐你。這就是精神上的禪定。