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「人民的選擇」
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第一種是主權國家之中的公民全體,他們制定並遵從憲法的制度;
第二種則是在「民族敘事」之下,人民指代一個民族共同體中的(忠誠的)成員的總體。「中國人民不是好惹的」等口號之中,「人民」便屬於此類用法;
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因此,這種強行使用中國歷史的範疇創造出來的關於「人民『和』人民敵人」的想象,實際上並不符合實際。「阿富汗人民」是誰,仍是一個需要在下文探討的問題。
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20年前的塔利班武裝。
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結語
我們應當支持的不是任何一種反對帝國主義的鬥爭。我們並不支持反動階級反對帝國主義的鬥爭,我們並不支持反動階級反對帝國主義和資本主義的起義。
——《列寧全集》第28卷
感謝茶包、CC、LHY和Flùr na h-Alba的寶貴幫助!
注釋與參考文獻:(滑動查看更多)
[1] https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/statistics/corruption/Corruption_Afghanistan_2013.pdf
[2] risk-indexes.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Brochure_GCI_EN_2020.pdf
[3] Scott Atran. A Question of Honour: Why the Taliban Fight and What to Do About It. Asian Journal of Social Science, Brill Academic Publishers, 2010, 38, pp.341-361.
[4] 參見Ahmed Rashid所著的《Taliban》第九章;塔利班曾於2000年禁止過罌粟種植,但之後撤銷了這一決定。
[5] 比如,「人民,只有人民,才是創造歷史的動力。」
[6] https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/06/15/ethnic-minorities-are-fueling-the-talibans-expansion-in-afghanistan/
[7] https://nypost.com/2021/08/13/taliban-capture-three-more-provincial-capitals-in-afghanistan/
[8] https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-9890579/Let-flee-begs-Afghanistans-neighbours-borders-open-people-flee-Taliban.html
[9] https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/24/world/asia/afghanistan-us-aid-cut.html
[10] https://www.sigar.mil/pdf/quarterlyreports/2021-01-30qr.pdf
[11] https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/4HV9R-tAjmgzIayXf6Ro3g
[12] https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/13/afghanistan-taliban-herat-kandahar-kabul-cities-live-updates
[13] Scott Atran. A Question of Honour: Why the Taliban Fight and What to Do About It. Asian Journal of Social Science, Brill Academic Publishers, 2010, 38, pp.341-361.
[14] 參見 [美] 塔米姆·安薩利《無規則遊戲》
[15] https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/13/world/asia/afghanistan-rapid-military-collapse.html
[16] Women, patriarchy, and Traditional Methods: A postcolonial feminist critique of Pashtun Jirga;In book: Routledge Handbook of Feminist Peace Research (pp.89-98)
[17] https://asiafoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Afghanistan_Flash-Survey-Report-2021-Wave-3.pdf
[18]https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/06/world/asia/saudi-arabia-afghanistan.html
[19]https://www.dw.com/en/pakistan-taliban-donations-recruitment-on-the-rise/a-57703423
[20]https://asiatimes.com/2021/08/taliban-wont-readily-cut-ties-with-anti-china-etim/