鑽石舞台

最新情況16 — 國際原子能機構總幹事關於烏克蘭局勢的聲明

2022.03.09

國際原子能機構（原子能機構）總幹事拉斐爾·馬里亞諾·格羅西說，烏克蘭今天通知原子能機構，自俄羅斯軍隊控制1986年事故發生地兩周後，切爾諾貝利核電站已經與電網斷開，並失去外部電力供應。

總幹事對這一事態發展表示嚴重關切，因為「為所有核場址提供可靠的場外電力供應」是他在3月2日為處理烏克蘭局勢的安全、安保和保障影響而召開的原子能機構理事會會議上概述的七個不可或缺的核安全和核安保支柱之一。

然而，就切爾諾貝利核電站而言，他表示，原子能機構同意烏克蘭監管機構的意見，即該核電站與電網斷開不會對坐落着各种放射性廢物管理設施的該場址的基本安全功能產生關鍵影響。具體而言，關於該場址的乏燃料貯存設施，水池中的冷卻水量足以在沒有電力供應的情況下維持有效的乏燃料散熱。該場址還擁有使用柴油發電機和電池的備用應急電源。

儘管如此，電力不足可能導致該場址的運行輻射安全進一步惡化，並給約210名技術專家和警衛人員帶來額外的壓力，他們在過去兩周一直無法輪換，實際上是全天24小時生活在那裡，格羅西總幹事補充說。

「日復一日，我們看到切爾諾貝利核電站的狀況不斷惡化，特別是就輻射安全以及在極其艱難和極具挑戰性的情況下管理該設施的工作人員而言，」他說。「我再次緊急呼籲實際控制該電廠的部隊尊重內部輻射防護程序，為工作人員的安全輪換提供便利，並採取其他重要措施確保安全。」

對於另一項事態發展，他表示，原子能機構在最近幾天失去了為監測切爾諾貝利核電站和另一個現為俄羅斯軍隊控制的烏克蘭核電廠（扎波羅熱核電廠）的核材料而安裝的保障系統的遠程數據傳輸。他表示，他對從這兩個場址到維也納原子能機構總部的這些數據流突然中斷表示關切，因為那裡存在着大量乏燃料或新鮮核燃料形式及其他核材料類型的核材料。

保障數據傳輸中斷的原因立時尚不明確。原子能機構繼續收到來自烏克蘭其他核設施包括另外三座核電廠的這類數據。

「來自位於世界各地核場址的原子能機構保障設備的遠程數據傳輸是我們在烏克蘭和全球的保障執行工作的一個重要組成部分，」他表示。「這種系統安裝在烏克蘭的若干設施，包括所有的核電廠，使我們能夠在我們的視察員不在場時監測這些場址的核材料和核活動。」

儘管已有技術特性來確保數據能夠在本地存儲，但存儲容量以及監測系統的運行狀態仍然不確定，他表示。

原子能機構通過保障技術措施核查各國正在履行其僅為和平目的利用核材料和核技術的國際法定義務情況。

關於烏克蘭在運核電廠的狀況，監管機構表示，該國15座反應堆中有八座仍在運行，其中包括扎波羅熱核電廠的兩座。它說，這些場址的輻射水平正常。

扎波羅熱核電廠場址有四條高電壓（750千伏）場外電力傳輸線，另有一條備用電力傳輸線。營運者通知原子能機構，有兩條已經損壞，因此，現有兩條電力傳輸線加該備用電力傳輸線可供該電廠使用。營運者還表示，該核電廠的場外電源需求可以用一條可用的電力傳輸線來滿足。此外，柴油發電機已經準備就緒，可以提供後備電源。「儘管如此，這是確保所有核場址從電網獲得場外電力供應這一安全支柱受到損害的又一個事例，」格羅西總幹事表示。

此外，監管機構報告說，6號機組變壓器的冷卻系統在3月4日事件後被發現受損，該機組隨後被停用，並正在進行緊急維修。

最近的這些事態發展增加了原子能機構對烏克蘭境內衝突對該國核設施（包括其四個在運核電廠以及切爾諾貝利場址）安全、安保和保障的影響的日益關切。

作為其有關烏克蘭的新倡議的一部分，格羅西總幹事說，他將於明天應土耳其外交部長梅夫呂特-恰武什奧盧的邀請前往安塔利亞。「在那裡的會議上，我希望在確保烏克蘭核設施的安全和安保這一緊迫問題上取得進展。我們需要現在就採取行動」，他說。

Ukraine informed the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) today that the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) had been disconnected from the electricity grid and lost its supply of external power, two weeks after Russian forces took control of the site of the 1986 accident, Director General Rafael Mariano Grossi said.

The Director General expressed deep concern about this development as the 「secure off-site power supply from the grid for all nuclear sites」 was one ofseven indispensable pillarsof nuclear safety and security that he outlined at a meeting of the IAEA’s Board of Governors on 2 March, convened to address the safety, security and safeguards implications of the situation in Ukraine.

In the case of the Chornobyl NPP, however, he said the IAEA agreed with the Ukrainian regulator that its disconnection from the grid would not have a critical impact on essential safety functions at the site, where various radioactive waste management facilities are located. Specifically, regarding the site’s spent fuel storage facility, the volume of cooling water in the pool is sufficient to maintain effective heat removal from the spent fuel without a supply of electricity. The site also has reserve emergency power supplies with diesel generators and batteries.

Nevertheless, the lack of power is likely to lead to a further deterioration of operational radiation safety at the site and create additional stress for around 210 technical experts and guards who have not been able to rotate for the past two weeks, in effect living there around the clock, Director General Grossi added.

「From day to day, we are seeing a worsening situation at the Chornobyl NPP, especially for radiation safety, and for the staff managing the facility under extremely difficult and challenging circumstances,」 he said. 「I repeat my urgent appeal to the forces in effective control of the plant to respect internal radiation protection procedures, to facilitate the safe rotation of staff and to take other important steps to ensure safety.」

In another development, he said the IAEA in recent days had lost remote data transmission from itssafeguardssystems installed to monitor nuclear material at the Chornobyl NPP and another Ukrainian nuclear power plant now controlled by Russian forces, the Zaporizhzhya NPP. He said he was concerned about the sudden interruption of such data flows to the IAEA’s Vienna headquarters from the two sites, where large amounts of nuclear material are present in the form of spent or fresh nuclear fuel and other types of nuclear material.

The reason for the disruption in the transmission of safeguards data was not immediately clear. The IAEA continues to receive such data from other nuclear facilities in Ukraine, including the three other nuclear power plants.

「The remote transmission of data from IAEA safeguards equipment located at nuclear sites around the world is an important component of our safeguards implementation, in Ukraine and globally,」 he said. 「Such systems are installed in several facilities in Ukraine, including all nuclear power plants, and enable us to monitor nuclear material and activities at these sites when our inspectors are not present.」

Even though technical features were in place to ensure that the data was stored locally, the storage capacity as well as the operational status of the monitoring systems remained uncertain, he said.

Through safeguards technical measures the IAEA verifies that countries are honouring their international legal obligations to use nuclear material and technology only for peaceful purposes.

Regarding the status of Ukraine’s operational nuclear power plants, the regulator said eight of the country’s 15 reactors remained operating, including two at the Zaporizhzhya NPP. Radiation levels at the sites were normal, it said.

The Zaporizhzhya NPP site has four high voltage (750 kV) offsite power lines plus an additional one on standby. The operator informed the IAEA that two have been damaged and therefore there were now two power lines, plus the one on standby, available to the plant. The operator also said that the NPP off-site power needs could be provided with one power line available. Furthermore, diesel generators are ready and functional to provide back-up power. 「Nevertheless, this is another example of where the safety pillar to secure off-site power supply from the grid for all nuclear sites has been compromised,」 Director General Grossi said.

In addition, the regulator reported that the Unit 6 transformer had been taken out of service and was undergoing emergency repair after damage to its cooling system was detected following the events of 4 March.

These recent developments added to the IAEA’s growing concerns about the safety, security and safeguards impact of the conflict in Ukraine on the country’s nuclear facilities, including its four operating nuclear power plants as well as the Chornobyl site.

As part of his newinitiativeregarding Ukraine, Director General Grossi said he will travel to Antalya tomorrow at the invitation of Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu. 「In meetings there, I hope to make progress on the urgent issue of ensuring the safety and security of Ukraine’s nuclear facilities. We need to act now,」 he said.

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