中和抗體水平是評估新冠疫苗效果的重要指標,中和抗體水平隨時間推移而降低,疫苗保護效力也相應減弱,但並不意味疫苗失去作用。體液免疫產生的中和抗體並不是新冠疫苗對抗病毒的唯一武器,新冠疫苗誘導的細胞免疫在對抗新冠病毒感染時也具有重要的作用。雖然中和抗體下降可增加突破感染的發生率,但即便發生了突破感染,疫苗誘導產生的細胞免疫仍然可以發揮疫苗的保護作用,這可能是突破性感染重症患者相對較少的原因所在。 總體而言,新冠疫苗針對包括Delta變異株的保護效力有所下降,但仍具有保護作用,尤其是對於重症的保護作用較穩定。此外,加強針或序貫免疫可以有效應對新冠疫苗隨時間及病毒變異而產生的效力衰退的問題。最後期待更多關於此方面的研究開展以及更佳接種策略的落地實施,使新冠疫苗的作用得到最大程度的發揮。 參考文獻[1].Khoury DS, Cromer D, Reynaldi A, et al. Neutralizing antibody levels are highlypredictive of immune protection from symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nat Med. 2021 Jul;27(7):1205-1211. doi: 10.1038/s41591-021-01377-8.[2].Gilbert PB, Montefiori DC, McDermott A, et al. Immune Correlates Analysis of the mRNA-1273 COVID-19 Vaccine Efficacy Trial. medRxiv [Preprint]. 2021 Aug 15:2021.08.09.21261290. doi: 10.1101/2021.08.09.21261290.[3].Bergwerk M, Gonen T, Lustig Y, et al. Covid-19 Breakthrough Infections in Vaccinated Health Care Workers. N Engl J Med. 2021 Jul 28:NEJMoa2109072. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2109072.[4].Jiang HD, Zhang L, Li JX, et al. 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