鑽石舞台

International investors in large infrastructure projects face numerous risks. To explore this issue, this paper compares the development of two hydropower stations in Rasuwa District, Nepal: Upper Trishuli 3A, which is fully funded by a Chinese government bank, and Rasuwagadhi, which is fully funded by local government banks. The construction of these two plants was compared between 2012 and 2020 using a visual interpretation method to extract data on roads, buildings, dams, and vehicles from 1-m-resolution remote sensing imagery. Two methods were used to compare the environmental impacts of each plant. Landsat 7/8 30-m imagery was used to monitor changes in the normalized difference vegetation index around the Upper Trishuli 3A hydropower station from 2012 to 2020 and around the Rasuwagadhi hydropower station from 2014 to 2020. Then, 1-m-resolution imagery was used to observe land-cover differences in these areas and time periods. The results indicate that: (1) despite various challenges, such as geological disasters, the COVID-19 pandemic, and a blockade by the Indian government, there was no difference in construction progress between the two hydropower stations. (2) The Upper Trishuli 3A Hydropower Station was associated with better environmental protection work, as there were continuous declines in vegetation growth near Rasuwagadhi and increased overall vegetation growth near Upper Trishuli 3A. (3) Energy projects funded by the Belt and Road Initiative have benefited developing countries enormously. Finally, local conditions should be thoroughly investigated during the construction of foreign-funded power stations.

外資在發展中國家水電站建設中發揮着重要作用。外資在水電站建設過程中會遇到哪些新問題，已成為國際投資者關注的重要問題之一。為了解決這一問題，本文比較了尼泊爾上崔樹里 3A 水電站（由中國政府銀行全額出資）和拉蘇瓦加迪電站（由尼泊爾拉蘇瓦區當地政府銀行出資）的建設情況。利用道路、建築物、大壩和車輛等指標，採用目視判讀方法，從 2012 年至 2020 年的 1 m 分辨率高分遙感影像中提取監測指標，對比監測兩座水電站的建設情況。採用兩種方法對比監測了兩座電站 建設對生態環境的影響。首先，在兩個電站建設期內（上崔樹里 3A 水電站監測周期為 2012 年至 2020 年，拉蘇瓦加迪電站監測周期為 2014 年至 2020 年），利用 30 m Landsat 7/8 衛星數據，對比評估了兩座電站建設期內的歸一化植被指數變化情況。然後， 利用 1 m 分辨率高分遙感影像，採用目視判讀方法，對比監測兩座電站周邊的土地利用變化情況。最後，分析和比較影響這兩個電站施工過程、環境影響和社會經濟影響的因素。結果表明：（1）儘管地質災害、新冠疫情、印度政府禁令等諸多因素影響了尼泊爾各項目的建設，中國投資的上崔樹里 3A 水電站與尼泊爾本土投資的拉蘇瓦加迪電站項目建設進度無差異；（2）上崔樹里 3A 水電站的環境保護工作比拉蘇瓦加迪水電站更好，拉蘇瓦加迪電站周邊的植被呈現持續下降，而上崔樹里 3A 發電廠的植被呈增 長趨勢；（3）上崔樹里 3A 水電站比拉蘇瓦加迪水電站更促進當地經濟的發展。由「一帶一路」倡議資助的能源項目在幫助發展中國家解決能源問題方面發揮了重要作用。但是，中國在境外投資建設電站時，應充分調查當地情況，並根據這些情況合理確定建設期，以避免項目延期等投資風險。