鑽石舞台

When it comes to big problems like climate change, we tend to like big solutions: new technologies, global policies. But many of the most important solutions are rooted on the ground by actors that don't walk the corridors of power, by actors that might not speak the scientific language of climate change but who are dealing with its impact every day. I am a forest conservationist from the Leuser Ecosystem in Sumatra, Indonesia. You might have never heard of this landscape.

當談到一些大事件，比如氣候變化時，我們會傾向於一些重大的解決方案。比如新的技術，全球性政策。但是很多的重大解決方案都源於當地的基層人物，這些角色並沒有太大權力，也不會去討論氣候變化的科學研究，但是他們每天都在應對氣候變化的影響。我是一名森林保育員，平時的工作是保護印度尼西亞蘇門答臘島的勒塞爾生態系統。你可能從來都沒有聽過這個地方。

But it's the last place on Earth where the critically endangered Sumatran rhino, tiger, elephant and orangutan still roam together in the wild. Meet Sumini.Sumini is the leader of Indonesia's first women-led ranger team and a mother, a conservationist whose action is rooted in her community on the edge of the Leuser Ecosystem. In the patriarchal society where she operates, a woman is expected to be quiet and subservient. During a village meeting, the ladies tend to congregate in the kitchen while the men discuss village policies and budget.

但這是世界上最後一個地方，還可以看到極度瀕危的蘇門答臘犀牛、老虎、大象和紅毛猩猩在野外出沒。遇見蘇米妮。蘇米妮是印度尼西亞第一個女性護林隊的隊長，也是一位母親。作為一名保育人士，她日常紮根於位于勒塞爾生態系統邊緣的護林團隊。在她所處的社會中，女性都被期望是順從而安靜的。在村裡的會議上，女士們往往聚集在廚房裡，而男人們則談論着村子裡的政策和稅收。

And oftentimes, even if she is present in the meeting room, she is expected to not voice her opinion, rather letting a male relative answer (questions) addressed to her without consulting her first. When I asked Sumini why she chose to protect and conserve the forests,she said, "We are mothers and grandmothers.We are responsible for everything. From the moment we wake up, we have to wash clothes, cook and make coffee for our family. More than anything, we need water in every aspect of our life. And the only thing that protects our water source is the forest up the mountain."

而且經常，即使她出席會議時，也被希望不要發表觀點，更不用說讓一個男性親屬在事先未商量的情況下去回答她的問題。當我問蘇為什麼她選擇去保育森林時，她說：「我們是母親和祖母。我們承擔着家庭中的所有瑣事。從早上一睜開眼睛，我們就要洗衣服做飯，還要煮咖啡。而日常生活中的這一切，都離不開水。而唯一能保護水資源的，是山上的那些森林。」

The path for Sumini to lead these rangers is anything but straightforward. She became familiar with the forest when she began accompanying her husband trekking.During these trips, they witnessed encroachment and logging. They saw people taking out timber and encroaching into the forest. When they would try to warn off the loggers, they were met with a challenge."Who are you and what are your authorities to tell us off? Go away!" Logging an encroachment that happened upstream soon turned into disasters downstream. A heavy rainfall that lasted for a few days turned into flash floods and landslides, destroying the village and its essential infrastructure.

通往蘇米妮領導這些護林隊員的道路絕非直截了當。陪伴着丈夫在山間艱苦跋涉，她對這些森林逐漸熟悉起來。他們在這些徒步旅途中見到了人們砍伐樹木、侵蝕森林。他們見到了人們將木材運出，侵入森林。他們試圖去告誡那些伐木者離開，卻遇到困難。「你們算老幾，有什麼資格責備我們？滾開！「上游砍伐樹木侵占森林的事情在不斷上演，不久導致了下游的災難。一場暴雨持續下了一段時間後，引發了山洪和山崩，下游的村莊和基礎設施被毀。

After the disaster, Sumini and other villagers had to take refuge in a shelter for a while. "Being a refugee is hard. You don't have privacy and security. You don't even have access to clean flowing water. It's hard to even keep yourself safe and clean. I don't want that kind of disaster to happen again," she said to me. For Sumini and her team, the first part of becoming a ranger was not putting on a uniform but creating a map of the forest. You see, in Indonesia, access to land and forest are often contested, and one couldn't simply walk into a patch of forest and declare that they will protect this patch.

災難發生後，蘇米尼和其他村民不得不在避難所避難一段時間。「在避難所的日子很艱難。你沒有任何隱私，也毫無安全感可言。你甚至沒辦法得到乾淨流動的水。很難保持自己的安全和潔淨。我不希望類似的災難再次發生。「她對我說。對於蘇米妮和她的團隊來說，成立護林隊的首要事項並不是穿上統一的制服，而是繪製出森林的地圖。你要知道，在印度尼西亞，土地和森林的所有權往往充滿爭議，人們不能簡單地走進一片森林，然後宣布他們將保護這片土地。

No, no. The government needs to acknowledge that you are the legal guardian of the particular forest.And then they will give you the paperwork to affirm your role. In order to obtain this permit, the community needs to create a proposal with a map. So they get the work. Of course, they know where things are in the forest: where the water and the waterfall (are), where the orchid is and where the bear sleeps. But putting this knowledge on paper is something else. Climbing up into the forest with her crew, they learn to read the GPS, orient around a map and take note of important flora and fauna as well as signs of wildlife.

不，這是行不通的。需要獲得政府的承認後你才是這一片森林的合法守護人。然後政府會頒布一份文書來證明這一身份。為了獲得許可，這個團隊需要提出一份帶有地圖的提議書。她們開始了這份工作。當然，她們對森林裡的一草一木都非常了解：哪裡有水源哪裡有瀑布，哪裡可以看到蘭花，哪裡可以看到睡覺的棕熊。但是把這一切搬到紙面上，那又是另外一回事。和她的隊員一起爬上高山，她們學會了使用GPS，在地圖上定位，標註出重要的動植物群，對野生動物進行標記。

They begin to plant trees and restore parts that were degraded. Up to this day, In Indonesia, there were only a few patches of forest formally managed by groups of women. And Sumini led one of them. It might sound awesome, but the work is not done. The conservation work is never done. Sumini and her team still face many challenges every day. And sometimes they are still being patronized and undermined. But the power of these women is patience and persistence. They're embedded in the community, so they learn to navigate the tricky path of being a strong female leader in a conservative patriarchal society.

她們開始種植樹木，對生態退化的地區進行修復。直到今天，在印度尼西亞，僅僅只有一小部分森林正式被女性團體所管理。蘇米妮領導着其中一個隊伍。這聽上去可能讓人驚嘆，但這項工作還未做成。森林保育工作還未完成。蘇米妮和她的團隊每天仍然面臨許多挑戰。有時她們的工作會遭到貶低，甚至被破壞。但這些女性的力量在於耐心和堅持不懈。她們在團隊中投入了大量精力，學習如何處理那些棘手的事務，在保守的父權社會中成為堅強的女性領導者。

Unlike a conservation expert that parachutes in from outside, Sumini and her team are here to stay. So their approach is instantly different. At this point, we know that tropical forests are a stabilizing force for climate.And protecting tropical forests is one of the most cost-efficient ways to avert climate disaster and biodiversity collapse. But the conservation world needs an overhaul. We need more women in the position of leadership -- women from the grassroots, women like Sumini. Women make up half of the world's population, yet only a fraction sits at the decision-making table.

不同於那些外來空降的森林保育專家，蘇米妮和她的團隊在這裡留下來。所以她們的參與立馬帶來了不同。說到這裡，我們知道熱帶雨林能夠有效調節氣候。保護熱帶雨林，是最有效的方法來避免氣候災害和生物多樣性衰退。但是森林保育這一塊需要一次全面的改革。我們需要更多的女性走到保育團隊領導者的位置上，像蘇米妮這樣的在當地土生土長的女性。女性占世界人口的一半，但只有一小部分人坐在決策桌上。

Women in the communities are the guardians of environmental wisdom, yet they are often an untapped source of knowledge, underappreciated and therefore underresourced. Community based alone is not enough. A study by WRI showed that most community forestry initiatives benefit elite village leaders, usually men, and worsen gender equality on the grassroots. So how do we change this? First, we need to acknowledge that the problem is complex. There are close to 85,000 villages in Indonesia, about 25,000 of them are located in and around forests.

這些保育團體中的女性是環境智慧的守護者，然而她們往往是未開發的知識來源，未被充分認識，因此資源不足。僅依靠這些團體本身是完全不夠的。世界資源研究所的一項研究表明大部分的團體林業活動，都是惠及村內的領導者，尤其是男性，並加大了基層性別不平等。那麼，我們如何改變這一點呢？首先，我們需要承認這個問題很複雜。印度尼西亞有近85,000個村莊，其中約25,000個位於森林及其周圍。

Each have their own complexities and challenges, but each of them also has its own Sumini. It is up to us to find them, work with them and invest in them. Thank you.

每個村落都有着難題和挑戰，但是每個村子裡都有着蘇米妮這樣的女性存在。我們要做的是找到她們，和她們一起工作，投資於她們。謝謝。